Ali Abdelmoneim H, Hachem Mayssa, Ahmmed Mirja Kaizer
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates.
Department of Chemistry and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Group, Khalifa University of Sciences and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates.
Heliyon. 2024 May 9;10(9):e30946. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30946. eCollection 2024 May 15.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, offers several beneficial effects. DHA helps in reducing depression, autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. It can stimulate the development of brain and nerve, alleviate lipids metabolism-related disorders, and enhance vision development. However, DHA susceptibility to chemical oxidation, poor water solubility, and unpleasant order could restrict its applications for nutritional and therapeutic purposes. To avoid these drawbacks and enhance its bioavailability, DHA can be encapsulated using an effective delivery system. Several encapsulation methods are recognized, and DHA-loaded nanoparticles have demonstrated numerous benefits. In clinical studies, positive influences on the development of several diseases have been reported, but some assumptions are conflicting and need more exploration, since DHA has a systemic and not a targeted release at the required level. This might cause the applications of nanoparticles that could allow DHA release at the required level and improve its efficiency, thus resulting in a better controlling of several diseases. In the current review, we focused on researches investigating the formulation and development of DHA-loaded nanoparticles using different delivery systems, including low-density lipoprotein, zinc oxide, silver, zein, and resveratrol-stearate. Silver-DHA nanoparticles presented a typical particle size of 24 nm with an incorporation level of 97.67 %, while the entrapment efficiency of zinc oxide-DHA nanoparticles represented 87.3 %. By using zein/Poly (lactic--glycolic acid) stabilized nanoparticles, DHA's encapsulation level reached 84.6 %. We have also highlighted the characteristics, functionality and medical implementation of these nanoparticles in the treatment of inflammations, brain disorders, diabetes as well as hepatocellular carcinoma.
二十二碳六烯酸（DHA，C22:6 n-3），一种ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸，具有多种有益作用。DHA有助于减轻抑郁症、自身免疫性疾病、类风湿性关节炎、注意力缺陷多动障碍和心血管疾病。它能刺激大脑和神经发育，缓解脂质代谢相关紊乱，并促进视力发育。然而，DHA易发生化学氧化、水溶性差且气味不佳，这可能会限制其在营养和治疗方面的应用。为避免这些缺点并提高其生物利用度，可使用有效的递送系统对DHA进行包封。几种包封方法已得到认可，负载DHA的纳米颗粒已显示出众多益处。在临床研究中，已报道了对几种疾病发展的积极影响，但一些假设相互矛盾，需要更多探索，因为DHA在所需水平上是全身性释放而非靶向释放。这可能导致纳米颗粒的应用，使DHA能在所需水平释放并提高其效率，从而更好地控制几种疾病。在当前综述中，我们重点关注了使用不同递送系统（包括低密度脂蛋白、氧化锌、银、玉米醇溶蛋白和白藜芦醇硬脂酸酯）研究负载DHA纳米颗粒的配方和开发。银-DHA纳米颗粒的典型粒径为24纳米，包封率为97.67%，而氧化锌-DHA纳米颗粒的包封效率为87.3%。通过使用玉米醇溶蛋白/聚（乳酸-乙醇酸）稳定的纳米颗粒，DHA的包封率达到84.6%。我们还强调了这些纳米颗粒在治疗炎症、脑部疾病、糖尿病以及肝细胞癌方面的特性、功能和医学应用。
