移民、性别与家庭：配偶移民对妇女赋权的影响。
Migration, Gender, and Families: The Effects of Spousal Migration on Women's Empowerment.
机构信息
Department of Health Science, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA; Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
出版信息
Demography. 2024 Jun 1;61(3):769-795. doi: 10.1215/00703370-11370243.
Labor migration has a profound effect on families, but evidence documenting the impact of migration on women left behind is still lacking. Utilizing the Matlab Health and Socioeconomic Surveys, we examined the roles of migration and families in four domains of empowerment for women in Bangladesh. We found that women with international migrant spouses saw significant improvements in economic empowerment, mobility, and decision-making relative to women with coresident spouses (p < .0001). However, women who lived in multigenerational households with their parents or in-laws experienced significant reductions in empowerment across these three domains. Both having a migrant spouse and living in a multigenerational household had negative effects on beliefs about gender equivalence and reduced joint decision-making for women. Results, which were robust to migration selection controls (including propensity approaches), indicate that the benefits of migration for women left behind might be diluted by family structures that perpetuate unequal gender dynamics.
劳动力迁移对家庭有深远的影响，但仍缺乏证据证明迁移对留守妇女的影响。本研究利用 Matlab 健康与社会经济调查数据，考察了迁移和家庭在孟加拉国四个妇女赋权领域的作用。我们发现，与与配偶共同居住的女性相比，国际移民配偶的女性在经济赋权、流动性和决策方面有显著改善（p<0.0001）。然而，与父母或公婆同住的多代家庭中的女性在这三个领域的赋权都显著下降。有移民配偶和多代同堂的家庭对性别平等的信念产生负面影响，并减少了女性的共同决策权。这些结果在迁移选择控制（包括倾向得分匹配方法）下是稳健的，表明迁移对留守妇女的好处可能会被延续不平等性别动态的家庭结构所削弱。
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