The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
Danish Cancer Society Research Centre (DCRC), Copenhagen, Denmark.
Nutr Diabetes. 2024 May 22;14(1):32. doi: 10.1038/s41387-024-00288-0.
To examine the associations of a diet high in flavonoid-rich foods, as reflected by a "Flavodiet Score" (FDS), the major individual food contributors to flavonoid intake, and flavonoid subclasses with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk in the UK Biobank cohort.
Flavonoid intakes were estimated from ≥2 dietary assessments among 113,097 study participants [age at enrolment: 56 ± 8 years; 57% female] using the U.S Department of Agriculture (USDA) databases. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate associations between dietary exposures and T2D.
During 12 years of follow-up, 2628 incident cases of T2D were identified. A higher FDS (compared to lower [Q4 vs. Q1]), characterised by an average of 6 servings of flavonoid-rich foods per day, was associated with a 26% lower T2D risk [HR: 0.74 (95% CI: 0.66-0.84), p = <0.001]. Mediation analyses showed that lower body fatness and basal inflammation, as well as better kidney and liver function partially explain this association. In food-based analyses, higher intakes of black or green tea, berries, and apples were significantly associated with 21%, 15%, and 12% lower T2D risk. Among individual flavonoid subclasses, 19-28% lower risks of T2D were observed among those with the highest, compared to lowest intakes.
A higher consumption of flavonoid-rich foods was associated with lower T2D risk, potentially mediated by benefits to obesity/sugar metabolism, inflammation, kidney and liver function. Achievable increases in intakes of specific flavonoid-rich foods have the potential to reduce T2D risk.
在英国生物样本库队列中，通过“Flavodiet 评分”（FDS）来评估富含类黄酮的食物的饮食与 2 型糖尿病（T2D）风险之间的关联，FDS 反映了类黄酮摄入量，以及主要的个体食物类黄酮摄入量。
在 113097 名研究参与者中，通过美国农业部（USDA）数据库，从≥2 次饮食评估中估计类黄酮摄入量[入组时年龄：56±8 岁；57%为女性]。使用多变量 Cox 比例风险模型来研究饮食暴露与 T2D 之间的关联。
在 12 年的随访期间，确定了 2628 例 T2D 事件。与较低的 FDS（四分位数 [Q4]与四分位数 [Q1]相比）相比，FDS 较高（平均每天摄入 6 份富含类黄酮的食物）与 T2D 风险降低 26%相关[风险比：0.74（95%置信区间：0.66-0.84），p<0.001]。中介分析表明，较低的体脂肪率和基础炎症，以及更好的肾功能和肝功能部分解释了这种关联。在基于食物的分析中，较高的黑或绿茶、浆果和苹果摄入量与 T2D 风险降低 21%、15%和 12%显著相关。在个体类黄酮亚类中，与最低摄入量相比，最高摄入量的 T2D 风险降低 19-28%。
富含类黄酮的食物摄入量较高与 T2D 风险降低相关，这可能是通过对肥胖/糖代谢、炎症、肾功能和肝功能的有益作用来介导的。特定富含类黄酮食物摄入量的可实现增加可能降低 T2D 风险。
