Patel Nashrin F, Oliver Shüné V
Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa.
Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa.
Curr Res Insect Sci. 2024 May 9;5:100085. doi: 10.1016/j.cris.2024.100085. eCollection 2024.
There is a growing body of evidence that invertebrates can generate improved secondary responses after a primary challenge. This immunological memory can be primed by a range of pathogens, including bacteria. The generation of immunological memory has been demonstrated in mosquitoes, with the memory primed by a range of initial stimuli. This study aimed to examine whether insecticide resistance affects the capacity to generate immunological memory. The primary hypothesis was tested by examining the capacity of genetically related laboratory-reared strains that differ by insecticide resistant phenotype to generate immunological memory. The competing hypothesis tested was that the bacterial virulence was the key determinant in generating immunological memory. Immune memory was generated in F1 females but not males. Immunological memory was demonstrated in both laboratory strains, but the efficacy differed by the insecticide resistant phenotype of the strain. An initial oral challenge provided by a blood meal resulted generated better memory than an oral challenge by sugar. The efficacy of memory generation between the two bacterial strains differed between the two mosquito strains. Regardless of the challenge, the two strains differed in their capacity to generate memory. This study therefore demonstrated that insecticide resistant phenotype affected the capacity of the two strains to generate immunological memory. Although this study needs to be replicated with wild mosquitoes, it does suggest that a potential role for insecticide resistance in the functioning of the immune system and memory generation of .
越来越多的证据表明，无脊椎动物在初次受到挑战后能够产生更强的二次免疫反应。这种免疫记忆可以由包括细菌在内的多种病原体引发。免疫记忆的产生已在蚊子中得到证实，其记忆由一系列初始刺激引发。本研究旨在检验抗杀虫剂能力是否会影响产生免疫记忆的能力。通过检查具有不同抗杀虫剂表型的遗传相关实验室饲养菌株产生免疫记忆的能力，对主要假设进行了测试。所检验的竞争性假设是细菌毒力是产生免疫记忆的关键决定因素。免疫记忆在F1代雌性中产生，但在雄性中未产生。两种实验室菌株都表现出免疫记忆，但记忆效果因菌株的抗杀虫剂表型而异。由血餐提供的初次口服刺激比由糖提供的口服刺激产生的记忆更好。两种细菌菌株之间记忆产生的效果在两种蚊子菌株中有所不同。无论刺激方式如何，两种菌株产生记忆的能力都有所不同。因此，本研究表明抗杀虫剂表型影响了两种菌株产生免疫记忆的能力。尽管这项研究需要用野生蚊子进行重复，但它确实表明抗杀虫剂能力在免疫系统功能和记忆产生中可能发挥作用。
