Krejčová Gabriela, Bajgar Adam
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
Elife. 2025 Jul 1;14:e105011. doi: 10.7554/eLife.105011.
Traditionally, insects have been thought to be entirely dependent on their innate immune system, which has little capacity for the acquisition of experience from previous infections. However, much experimental evidence has challenged this view, showing that insects can develop long-term, pathogen-specific immune memory, which in some cases can be transmitted to offspring. Although significant progress has been made in this area, the underlying mechanism is still not fully understood, and a number of fundamental questions remain unanswered. In this review, we present an overview of documented cases of insect immune memory and summarize the experimental evidence in support of the prevailing hypotheses on the mechanism of antiviral and antibacterial immune memory in insects. We also highlight key questions that remain unanswered and discuss as a powerful model organism for investigating the mechanisms of innate immune memory formation. Finally, we evaluate the significance of this research and explore the potential for insect vaccination.
传统上，昆虫被认为完全依赖其先天免疫系统，而该系统几乎没有从先前感染中获取经验的能力。然而，大量实验证据对这一观点提出了挑战，表明昆虫能够形成长期的、针对病原体的免疫记忆，在某些情况下这种记忆还能传递给后代。尽管该领域已取得显著进展，但潜在机制仍未完全明了，一些基本问题仍未得到解答。在本综述中，我们概述了有记录的昆虫免疫记忆案例，并总结了支持昆虫抗病毒和抗菌免疫记忆机制主流假说的实验证据。我们还强调了尚未解答的关键问题，并讨论了作为研究先天免疫记忆形成机制的强大模式生物。最后，我们评估了这项研究的意义，并探讨了昆虫疫苗接种的潜力。
