Yun Jiaojiao, Burrow Michael F, Matinlinna Jukka P, Ding Hao, Chan Sin Man Rosalind, Tsoi James K H, Wang Yan
Department of Prosthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.
Dental Materials Science, Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
J Funct Biomater. 2024 Apr 30;15(5):120. doi: 10.3390/jfb15050120.
This study aims to develop multi-functional bio-safe dental resin composites with capabilities for mineralization, high in vitro biocompatibility, and anti-biofilm properties. To address this issue, experimental resin composites consisting of UDMA/TEGDMA-based dental resins and low quantities (1.9, 3.8, and 7.7 vol%) of 45S5 bioactive glass (BAG) particles were developed. To evaluate cellular responses of resin composites, MC3T3-E1 cells were (1) exposed to the original composites extracts, (2) cultured directly on the freshly cured resin composites, or (3) cultured on preconditioned composites that have been soaked in deionized water (DI water), a cell culture medium (MEM), or a simple HEPES-containing artificial remineralization promotion (SHARP) solution for 14 days. Cell adhesion, cell viability, and cell differentiation were, respectively, assessed. In addition, the anti-biofilm properties of BAG-loaded resin composites regarding bacterial viability, biofilm thickness, and biofilm morphology, were assessed for the first time. In vitro biological results demonstrated that cell metabolic activity and ALP expression were significantly diminished when subjected to composite extracts or direct contact with the resin composites containing BAG fillers. However, after the preconditioning treatments in MEM and SHARP solutions, the biomimetic calcium phosphate minerals on 7.7 vol% BAG-loaded composites revealed unimpaired or even better cellular processes, including cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and early cell differentiation. Furthermore, resin composites with 1.9, 3.8, and 7.7 vol% BAG could not only reduce cell viability in biofilm on the composite surface but also reduce the biofilm thickness and bacterial aggregations. This phenomenon was more evident in BAG7.7 due to the high ionic osmotic pressure and alkaline microenvironment caused by BAG dissolution. This study concludes that multi-functional bio-safe resin composites with mineralization and anti-biofilm properties can be achieved by adding low quantities of BAG into the resin system, which offers promising abilities to mineralize as well as prevent caries without sacrificing biological activity.
本研究旨在开发具有矿化能力、高体外生物相容性和抗生物膜特性的多功能生物安全牙科树脂复合材料。为解决这一问题，制备了由基于UDMA/TEGDMA的牙科树脂和低含量（1.9%、3.8%和7.7%体积分数）的45S5生物活性玻璃（BAG）颗粒组成的实验性树脂复合材料。为评估树脂复合材料的细胞反应，将MC3T3-E1细胞（1）暴露于原始复合材料提取物中，（2）直接培养在新固化的树脂复合材料上，或（3）培养在预先浸泡在去离子水（DI水）、细胞培养基（MEM）或简单含HEPES的人工再矿化促进（SHARP）溶液中14天的预处理复合材料上。分别评估细胞黏附、细胞活力和细胞分化情况。此外，首次评估了载BAG树脂复合材料在细菌活力、生物膜厚度和生物膜形态方面的抗生物膜特性。体外生物学结果表明，当细胞暴露于复合材料提取物或直接与含BAG填料的树脂复合材料接触时，细胞代谢活性和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）表达显著降低。然而，在MEM和SHARP溶液中进行预处理后，含7.7%体积分数BAG的复合材料上的仿生磷酸钙矿物质显示细胞过程未受损害甚至更好，包括细胞黏附、细胞增殖和早期细胞分化。此外，含1.9%、3.8%和7.7%体积分数BAG的树脂复合材料不仅能降低复合材料表面生物膜中的细胞活力，还能降低生物膜厚度和细菌聚集。由于BAG溶解导致的高离子渗透压和碱性微环境，这种现象在BAG7.7中更为明显。本研究得出结论，通过向树脂体系中添加少量BAG可实现具有矿化和抗生物膜特性的多功能生物安全树脂复合材料，其在不牺牲生物活性的情况下具有良好的矿化和预防龋齿能力。
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