Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
Genes (Basel). 2024 May 5;15(5):587. doi: 10.3390/genes15050587.
The gene family, encoding plant transcriptional regulators, participates in many metabolic pathways of plant physiology and development, including flavonoid metabolism and anthocyanin synthesis. This study proceeded as follows: the gene family was analyzed genome-wide, and the family members were identified and characterized using the high-quality walnut reference genome "Chandler 2.0". All 204 were established and categorized into 30 subgroups via phylogenetic analysis. were unevenly distributed over 16 chromosomes. Most had similar structures and conservative motifs. The -acting elements exhibit multiple functions of such as light response, metabolite response, and stress response. We found that the expansion of was mainly caused by WGD or segmental duplication events. Ka/Ks analysis indicated that these genes were in a state of negative purifying selection. Transcriptome results suggested that were widely entangled in the process of walnut organ development and differentially expressed in different colored varieties of walnuts. Subsequently, we identified 17 differentially expressed , 9 of which may regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis based on the results of a phylogenetic analysis. These genes were present in greater expression levels in 'Zijing' leaves than in 'Lvling' leaves, as revealed by the results of qRT-PCR experiments. These results contributed to the elucidation of the functions of in walnut coloration. Collectively, this work provides a foundation for exploring the functional characteristics of the in walnuts and improving the nutritional value and appearance quality of walnuts.
基因家族，编码植物转录调控因子，参与植物生理和发育的许多代谢途径，包括类黄酮代谢和花色素苷合成。本研究按如下步骤进行：在全基因组范围内分析基因家族，利用高质量的核桃参考基因组“钱德勒 2.0”鉴定和特征化家族成员。通过系统发育分析，确定了 204 个，并将其分为 30 个亚组。不均匀分布在 16 条染色体上。大多数具有相似的结构和保守基序。- 作用元件表现出多种功能，如光反应、代谢物反应和应激反应。我们发现的扩张主要是由 WGD 或片段重复事件引起的。Ka/Ks 分析表明，这些基因处于负净化选择状态。转录组结果表明，在核桃器官发育过程中广泛涉及，并在不同颜色品种的核桃中差异表达。随后，我们鉴定了 17 个差异表达的，其中 9 个可能根据系统发育分析的结果调节花色素苷生物合成。这些基因在 'Zijing' 叶片中的表达水平高于 'Lvling' 叶片，qRT-PCR 实验结果表明。这些结果有助于阐明在核桃着色中基因的功能。总之，这项工作为探索核桃中基因的功能特征以及提高核桃的营养价值和外观品质奠定了基础。
