Ovchinnikov Aleksandr N, Paoli Antonio
Laboratory of Non-Invasive Diagnostics in Sports, Department of Sports Medicine and Psychology, Lobachevsky University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy.
Biomedicines. 2024 May 2;12(5):1006. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12051006.
Although blood still remains the most commonly utilized medium to detect increased levels of oxidative damage induced by exercise, saliva diagnostics have gained increasing popularity due to their non-invasive nature and athlete-friendly collection process. Given that the contribution of various phases of the menstrual cycle to the levels of oxidative damage may differ, the aim of this study was to evaluate an agreement between salivary and plasmatic levels of lipid peroxidation products in female swimmers in both the follicular (F) and luteal (L) phases of the menstrual cycle at rest and following exercise. Twelve well-trained female swimmers aged 19.6 ± 1.1 years old were examined. We measured diene conjugates (DCs), triene conjugates (TCs), and Schiff bases (SBs) in lipids immediately after their extraction from both saliva and blood plasma. All female swimmers were studied two times each, in the two different phases of one menstrual cycle, before and after high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Salivary and plasmatic levels of DCs, TCs, and SBs significantly increased post-exercise compared to pre-exercise, in both the F and L phases. A high positive correlation was observed between the concentrations of DCs, TCs, and SBs in the saliva and blood plasma of participants in the F and L phases, both at rest and following HIIE. Ordinary least products regression analysis indicates that there was no proportional and differential bias in the data. The Bland-Altman method also declares that there was no differential bias, since the line of equality was within the 95% confidence interval of the mean difference between salivary and plasmatic levels of DCs, TCs, and SBs in female swimmers, in both the F and L phases, before and after HIIE. There was also no proportional bias in the Bland-Altman plots. Thus, this is the first study to report a high agreement between the quantifications of DCs, TCs, and SBs in the saliva and blood plasma of female swimmers in both the F and L phases, at rest and following HIIE.
尽管血液仍然是检测运动诱导的氧化损伤水平升高最常用的介质，但唾液诊断因其非侵入性和对运动员友好的采集过程而越来越受欢迎。鉴于月经周期的各个阶段对氧化损伤水平的贡献可能不同，本研究的目的是评估女性游泳运动员在月经周期的卵泡期（F）和黄体期（L）休息时和运动后唾液和血浆中脂质过氧化产物水平之间的一致性。对12名年龄在19.6±1.1岁的训练有素的女性游泳运动员进行了检查。我们在从唾液和血浆中提取脂质后立即测量其中的二烯共轭物（DCs）、三烯共轭物（TCs）和席夫碱（SBs）。所有女性游泳运动员在一个月经周期的两个不同阶段，即高强度间歇运动（HIIE）前后，各进行了两次研究。在F期和L期，运动后唾液和血浆中DCs、TCs和SBs的水平与运动前相比均显著升高。在F期和L期，无论是休息时还是HIIE后，参与者唾液和血浆中DCs、TCs和SBs的浓度之间都观察到高度正相关。普通最小乘积回归分析表明数据中不存在比例偏差和差异偏差。布兰德-奥特曼方法也表明不存在差异偏差，因为在F期和L期，无论是HIIE前后，女性游泳运动员唾液和血浆中DCs、TCs和SBs水平的平均差异的95%置信区间内都有等同线。在布兰德-奥特曼图中也不存在比例偏差。因此，这是第一项报告女性游泳运动员在F期和L期休息时和HIIE后唾液和血浆中DCs、TCs和SBs定量之间高度一致性的研究。
