Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Gene Family in Rapeseed ( L.).

The gene family is present in plants and is involved in biological processes such as flowering, circadian rhythm regulation, plant growth and development, and stress resistance. We identified 87, 62, 46, and 40 at the whole-genome level in , , , and , respectively. The can be classified into five groups based on evolutionary relationships, and each of these groups can be further subdivided into three subfamilies (, and ) based on function. Our analysis of chromosome localization, gene structure, collinearity, cis-acting elements, and expression patterns in revealed that the distribution of the 87 on the chromosomes of was uneven. Analysis of gene structure and conserved motifs revealed that, with the exception of a few genes that may have lost structural domains, the majority of genes within the same group exhibited similar structures and conserved domains. The gene collinearity analysis identified 72 orthologous genes, indicating gene duplication and expansion during the evolution of . Analysis of cis-acting elements identified several elements related to abiotic and biotic stress, plant hormone response, and plant growth and development in the promoter regions of . Expression pattern and protein interaction network analysis showed that are differentially expressed in various tissues and under stress conditions. The subfamily genes have the highest number of interacting proteins, indicating their significant role in the growth, development, and response to abiotic stress of .