Shirama Aya, Stickley Andrew, Sumiyoshi Tomiki
Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira 187-8553, Tokyo, Japan.
Vaccines (Basel). 2024 May 7;12(5):501. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12050501.
While many countries across the world have had difficulty in providing continuous coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine boosters, in Japan, the number of COVID-19 vaccinations has increased rapidly in the past two years to the point where the vaccination booster numbers are now at the highest level in the world (by March 2023). Against this backdrop, this study aimed to determine the characteristics of individuals who either refused to be vaccinated or who were vaccinated multiple (five) times during this period. We analyzed data from a sample of 3710 Japanese adults that were collected in a nationwide, cross-sectional Internet survey that was undertaken in March 2023. Several demographics (e.g., age, education level, marital status, job status), medical conditions, daily smoking, and mental health/psychological factors (i.e., perceived stress, anxiety symptoms, loneliness) were associated with not having been vaccinated. Although the most frequently vaccinated status was also associated with some demographics (e.g., age, employment status), medical conditions, and daily smoking, other predictors such as having a COVID-19 infection history were unique to this outcome. Moreover, age-stratified analyses showed that depression (OR: 2.05, 95%CI: 1.08-3.89) and anxiety (OR: 3.87, 95%CI: 1.80-8.31) symptoms were associated with higher odds of being unvaccinated while loneliness was associated with lower odds for the most frequently vaccinated status (OR: 0.72, 95%CI: 0.54-0.96) among older adults (aged ≥ 60 years). The findings of this study indicate that many of the same factors are associated with vaccine hesitancy and being vaccinated multiple times among adults in Japan but that among older individuals, worse mental/psychological health problems may be important for vaccine hesitancy/infrequent vaccine uptake in an age range where the majority of individuals (57.7%) had been vaccinated five times.
虽然世界上许多国家在提供持续的冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫苗加强针方面存在困难，但在日本，过去两年中COVID-19疫苗接种数量迅速增加，目前疫苗加强针接种数量处于世界最高水平（截至2023年3月）。在此背景下，本研究旨在确定在此期间拒绝接种疫苗或接种多次（五次）的个体特征。我们分析了2023年3月在全国范围内进行的一项横断面网络调查中收集的3710名日本成年人样本的数据。一些人口统计学特征（如年龄、教育水平、婚姻状况、工作状况）、医疗状况、每日吸烟情况以及心理健康/心理因素（即感知压力、焦虑症状、孤独感）与未接种疫苗有关。虽然接种次数最多的情况也与一些人口统计学特征（如年龄、就业状况）、医疗状况和每日吸烟情况有关，但其他预测因素，如曾感染COVID-19的病史，则是该结果所特有的。此外，按年龄分层的分析表明，抑郁（OR：2.05，95%CI：1.08 - 3.89）和焦虑（OR：3.87，95%CI：1.80 - 8.31）症状与未接种疫苗的较高几率相关，而孤独感与老年人（年龄≥60岁）中接种次数最多的情况的较低几率相关（OR：0.72，95%CI：0.54 - 0.96）。本研究结果表明，许多相同因素与日本成年人中的疫苗犹豫和多次接种有关，但在老年人中，在大多数个体（57.7%）已接种五次的年龄范围内，较差的心理/心理健康问题可能对疫苗犹豫/疫苗接种率低很重要。
