Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD), Department of Didactics of Music Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Extremadura, Spain.
BioVetMed & SportSci Research Group, International Excellence Campus "Mare Nostrum", Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Murcia, Spain.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 May 20;24(10):3245. doi: 10.3390/s24103245.
Basketball involves frequent high-intensity movements requiring optimal aerobic power. Altitude training can enhance physiological adaptations, but research examining its effects in basketball is limited. This study aimed to characterize the internal/external workload of professional basketball players during preseason and evaluate the effects of altitude and playing position. Twelve top-tier professional male basketball players (Liga Endesa, ACB; guards: = 3, forwards: = 5, and centers: = 4) participated in a crossover study design composed of two training camps with nine sessions over 6 days under two different conditions: high altitude (2320 m) and sea level (10 m). Internal loads (heart rate, %HR) and external loads (total distances covered across speed thresholds, accelerations/decelerations, impacts, and jumps) were quantified via wearable tracking and heart rate telemetry. Repeated-measures MANOVA tested the altitude x playing position effects. Altitude increased the total distance (+10%), lower-speed running distances (+10-39%), accelerations/decelerations (+25-30%), average heart rate (+6%), time in higher-intensity HR zones (+23-63%), and jumps (+13%) across all positions ( < 0.05). Positional differences existed, with guards accruing more high-speed running and centers exhibiting greater cardiovascular demands ( < 0.05). In conclusion, a 6-day altitude block effectively overloads training, providing a stimulus to enhance fitness capacities when structured appropriately. Monitoring workloads and individualizing training by playing position are important when implementing altitude training, given the varied responses.
篮球运动需要频繁进行高强度动作，因此需要具备最佳的有氧能力。高原训练可以增强生理适应能力，但有关其在篮球运动中影响的研究有限。本研究旨在描述职业篮球运动员在预备赛季的内部/外部工作负荷，并评估高原和比赛位置的影响。12 名顶级职业男性篮球运动员（西班牙篮球联赛，ACB；后卫： = 3，前锋： = 5，中锋： = 4）参与了一项交叉研究设计，包括两个训练营，每个训练营有 9 个训练课程，共 6 天，在两种不同条件下进行：高海拔（2320 米）和海平面（10 米）。通过可穿戴跟踪和心率遥测技术来量化内部负荷（心率，%HR）和外部负荷（通过速度阈值、加速度/减速度、冲击和跳跃覆盖的总距离）。重复测量 MANOVA 检验了海拔 x 比赛位置的影响。高原增加了总距离（增加 10%）、低速跑动距离（增加 10-39%）、加速度/减速度（增加 25-30%）、平均心率（增加 6%）、高强度 HR 区的时间（增加 23-63%）和跳跃次数（增加 13%），所有位置都有显著差异（ < 0.05）。位置之间存在差异，后卫的高速跑动更多，而中锋的心血管需求更大（ < 0.05）。总之，为期 6 天的高原训练有效地增加了训练负荷，为适当结构的训练提供了增强适应能力的刺激。考虑到不同的反应，在实施高原训练时，监测工作量和根据比赛位置进行个性化训练非常重要。
