Philadelphia 76ers Athlete Care Department, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
PLoS One. 2020 Mar 5;15(3):e0229212. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229212. eCollection 2020.
Basketball is a court-based team-sport that requires a broad array of demands (physiological, mechanical, technical, tactical) in training and competition which makes it important for practitioners to understand the stress imposed on the basketball player during practice and match-play. Therefore, the main aim of the present systematic review is to investigate the training and match-play demands of basketball in elite, sub-elite, and youth competition. A search of five electronic databases (PubMed, SportDiscus, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane) was conducted until December 20th, 2019. Articles were included if the study: (i) was published in English; (ii) contained internal or external load variables from basketball training and/or competition; and (iii) reported physiological or metabolic demands of competition or practice. Additionally, studies were classified according to the type of study participants into elite (20), sub-elite (9), and youth (6). A total of 35 articles were included in the systematic review. Results indicate that higher-level players seem to be more efficient while moving on-court. When compared to sub-elite and youth, elite players cover less distance at lower average velocities and with lower maximal and average heart rate during competition. However, elite-level players have a greater bandwidth to express higher velocity movements. From the present systematic review, it seems that additional investigation on this topic is warranted before a "clear picture" can be drawn concerning the acceleration and deceleration demands of training and competition. It is necessary to accurately and systematically assess competition demands to provide appropriate training strategies that resemble match-play.
篮球是一项基于球场的团队运动，在训练和比赛中需要广泛的要求（生理、机械、技术、战术），这使得从业者了解篮球运动员在训练和比赛中所承受的压力变得非常重要。因此，本系统综述的主要目的是调查精英、次精英和青年比赛中篮球的训练和比赛需求。对五个电子数据库（PubMed、SportDiscus、Web of Science、SCOPUS 和 Cochrane）进行了搜索，直到 2019 年 12 月 20 日。如果研究符合以下条件，则将其纳入：（i）用英文发表；（ii）包含篮球训练和/或比赛中的内部或外部负荷变量；（iii）报告比赛或练习的生理或代谢需求。此外，根据研究参与者的类型，研究还分为精英（20 项）、次精英（9 项）和青年（6 项）。系统综述共纳入 35 篇文章。结果表明，高水平运动员在场上移动时似乎效率更高。与次精英和青年相比，精英运动员在比赛中距离较短，平均速度较低，最大和平均心率较低。然而，精英级运动员有更大的带宽来表达更高的速度运动。从本系统综述来看，在能够准确地描绘出训练和比赛中加速和减速需求的“清晰画面”之前，似乎有必要对此主题进行进一步的研究。有必要准确而系统地评估比赛需求，以提供类似于比赛的适当训练策略。
