Li Jingang, He Pingru, Jin Qiu, Chen Jing, Chen Dan, Dai Xiaoping, Ding Siyu, Chu Linlin
College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China.
State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China.
Plants (Basel). 2024 May 15;13(10):1378. doi: 10.3390/plants13101378.
To explore the compensation effect of aeration on tomato vegetative and reproductive growth in arid and semi-arid areas, a two-year field experiment was conducted with four micro-nano aeration ratios (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) and three nitrogen topdressing levels (80, 60, and 40 kg·ha) during the tomato growth period in Ningxia, China. The results showed that increasing the aeration ratio in the range of 0-15% was conducive to the enhancement of tomato root vigor (the ability of triphenyltetrazolium chloride to be reduced, 3-104%) and the leaf net photosynthetic rate (14-63%), favorable to the facilitation of plant dry matter accumulation (3-59%) and plant nitrogen accumulation (2-70%), and beneficial to the improvement of tomato yield (12-44%) and fruit quality. Interestingly, since the aeration ratio exceeded 10%, the increase in the aeration ratio showed no significant effects on the single-fruit weight, tomato yield, and fruit quality. Moreover, with aerated underground drip irrigation, properly reducing the traditional nitrogen topdressing level (80 kg·ha) by 25% was favorable for enhancing tomato root vigor (5-31%), increasing tomato yield (0.5-9%), and improving fruit soluble solid accumulation (2-5%) and soluble sugar formation (4-9%). Importantly, increasing the aeration ratio by 5% could compensate for the adverse effects of reducing the nitrogen topdressing level by 25% by improving the leaf photosynthetic rate, promoting plant dry matter accumulation, increasing tomato yield, and enhancing the soluble solid and soluble sugar accumulation in tomato fruits. Synthetically considering the decrease in the nitrogen topdressing amount, leading to plant growth promotion, a tomato yield increase, and fruit quality improvement, a favorable nitrogen topdressing level of 60 kg·ha and the corresponding proper aeration ratio of 10% were suggested for tomato underground drip irrigation in the Yinbei Irrigation District of Ningxia.
为探究干旱半干旱地区通气对番茄营养生长和生殖生长的补偿效应，在中国宁夏番茄生长季进行了为期两年的田间试验，设置了四个微纳米通气比例（0%、5%、10%和15%）和三个追肥水平（80、60和40 kg·ha）。结果表明，在0 - 15%范围内增加通气比例有利于提高番茄根系活力（氯化三苯基四氮唑还原能力，提高3 - 104%）和叶片净光合速率（提高14 - 63%），有利于促进植株干物质积累（提高3 - 59%）和植株氮素积累（提高2 - 70%），并有利于提高番茄产量（提高12 - 44%）和果实品质。有趣的是，当通气比例超过10%时，通气比例的增加对单果重、番茄产量和果实品质无显著影响。此外，采用通气地下滴灌时，将传统追肥水平（80 kg·ha）适当降低25%有利于提高番茄根系活力（提高5 - 31%），增加番茄产量（提高0.5 - 9%），并改善果实可溶性固形物积累（提高2 - 5%）和可溶性糖形成（提高4 - 9%）。重要的是，通气比例增加5%可通过提高叶片光合速率、促进植株干物质积累、增加番茄产量以及提高番茄果实中可溶性固形物和可溶性糖积累来弥补追肥水平降低25%的不利影响。综合考虑追肥量减少却能促进植株生长、提高番茄产量和改善果实品质，建议宁夏银北灌区番茄地下滴灌时适宜的追肥水平为60 kg·ha，相应的适宜通气比例为10%。
