Ungureanu Andreea Roxana, Ozon Emma Adriana, Musuc Adina Magdalena, Anastasescu Mihai, Atkinson Irina, Mitran Raul-Augustin, Rusu Adriana, Popescu Liliana, Gîrd Cerasela Elena
Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania.
Institute of Physical Chemistry-Ilie Murgulescu, Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independenței, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
Polymers (Basel). 2024 May 10;16(10):1362. doi: 10.3390/polym16101362.
Nanotechnology is one of the newest directions for plant-based therapies. Chronic venous disease often predisposes to long-term and invasive treatment. This research focused on the inclusion of vegetal extracts from (SE), (CE), and (GE) in formulations with PHB and PLGA polymers and their physicochemical characterization as a preliminary stage for possible use in the development of a complex therapeutic product. The samples were prepared by an oil-water emulsification and solvent evaporation technique, resulting in suspensions with high spreadability and a pH of 5.5. ATR-FTIR analysis revealed bands for stretching vibrations (O-H, C=O, and C-H in symmetric and asymmetric methyl and methylene) in the same regions as the base components, but switched to high or low wavenumbers and absorbance, highlighting the formation of adducts/complexes between the extracts and polymers. The obtained formulations were in the amorphous phase, as confirmed by XRD analysis. AFM analysis emphasized the morphological peculiarities of the extract-polymer nanoformulations. It could be noticed that, in the case of SE-based formulations, the dominant characteristics for SE-PHB and SE-PLGA composition were the formation of random large (SE-PHB) and smaller uniform (SE-PLGA) particles; further on, these particles tended to aggregate in the case of SE-PHB-PLGA. For the CE- and GE-based formulations, the dominant surface morphology was their porosity, generally with small pores, but larger cavities were observed in some cases (CE- and GE-PHB). The highest roughness values at the (8 µm × 8 μm) scale were found for the following samples and succession: CE-PHB < SE-PLGA < SE-PHB-PLGA. In addition, by thermogravimetric analysis, impregnation in the matrix of compression stockings was evaluated, which varied in the following order: CE-polymer > SE-polymer > GE-polymer. In conclusion, nine vegetal extract-polymer nanoformulations were prepared and preliminarily characterized (by advanced physicochemical methods) as a starting point for further optimization, stability studies, and possible use in complex pharmaceutical products.
纳米技术是植物疗法的最新发展方向之一。慢性静脉疾病常常需要长期且侵入性的治疗。本研究聚焦于将来自[具体植物1]（SE）、[具体植物2]（CE）和[具体植物3]（GE）的植物提取物与聚羟基丁酸酯（PHB）和聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物（PLGA）聚合物混合制成制剂，并对其进行物理化学表征，作为开发复杂治疗产品的初步阶段。样品通过油水乳化和溶剂蒸发技术制备，得到具有高铺展性且pH值为5.5的悬浮液。衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）分析显示，在与基础成分相同的区域出现了拉伸振动谱带（对称和不对称甲基及亚甲基中的O-H、C=O和C-H），但波数和吸光度切换到了高或低水平，突出了提取物与聚合物之间加合物/络合物的形成。X射线衍射（XRD）分析证实，所得制剂处于非晶相。原子力显微镜（AFM）分析强调了提取物-聚合物纳米制剂的形态学特性。可以注意到，在基于SE的制剂中，SE-PHB和SE-PLGA组合物的主要特征是形成了随机的大颗粒（SE-PHB）和较小的均匀颗粒（SE-PLGA）；此外，在SE-PHB-PLGA的情况下，这些颗粒倾向于聚集。对于基于CE和GE的制剂，主要的表面形态是其孔隙率，通常具有小孔，但在某些情况下观察到较大的空洞（CE-和GE-PHB）。在（8 µm×8 μm）尺度下，粗糙度值最高的样品及顺序如下：CE-PHB < SE-PLGA < SE-PHB-PLGA。此外，通过热重分析评估了在压缩袜基质中的浸渍情况，其顺序如下：CE-聚合物>SE-聚合物>GE-聚合物。总之，制备了九种植物提取物-聚合物纳米制剂，并通过先进的物理化学方法进行了初步表征，作为进一步优化、稳定性研究以及可能用于复杂药物产品的起点。
