Department of Neonatology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania.
Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Nutrients. 2024 May 13;16(10):1462. doi: 10.3390/nu16101462.
Preterm infants have increased body adiposity at term-equivalent age and risk of adverse metabolic outcomes. The aim of the study was to define how nutrient intake may impact body composition (BC) of very low-birth weight infants fed with early progressive enteral feeding and standard fortification. Eighty-six infants with <1500 g birth weight were included in the BC study and stratified into extremely preterm (EP) and very preterm (VP) groups. Nutrient intake was calculated during the first 28 days and BC assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry at discharge and by skinfold thickness at 12 months of corrected age (CA). Total nutrient intake did not differ between the groups. EP infants had a higher fat mass percentage at discharge than VP infants (24.8% vs. 19.4%, < 0.001); lean mass did not differ. None of the nutrients had any impact on BC of EP infants. Protein intake did not result in a higher lean mass in either group; fat intake was a significant predictor of increased fat mass percentage in VP infants at discharge ( = 0.007) and body adiposity at 12 months of CA ( = 0.021). Nutritional needs may depend on gestational age and routine fortification should be used with caution in more mature infants.
早产儿在相当于胎龄的足月时体脂增加，并且存在不良代谢结局的风险。本研究旨在确定营养摄入如何影响接受早期逐步肠内喂养和标准强化喂养的极低出生体重儿的身体成分（BC）。将 86 名出生体重<1500 克的婴儿纳入 BC 研究，并分为极早产儿（EP）和非常早产儿（VP）组。在最初的 28 天内计算营养素摄入量，并在出院时通过双能 X 线吸收法和 12 个月校正年龄（CA）时的皮褶厚度评估 BC。两组之间的总营养素摄入量没有差异。出院时，EP 婴儿的脂肪质量百分比高于 VP 婴儿（24.8%比 19.4%，<0.001）；瘦体重没有差异。没有任何营养素对 EP 婴儿的 BC 有影响。蛋白质摄入并没有导致两组的瘦体重更高；脂肪摄入是 VP 婴儿出院时脂肪质量百分比增加的显著预测因素（=0.007）和 12 个月 CA 时体脂肪的增加（=0.021）。营养需求可能取决于胎龄，并且在更成熟的婴儿中应谨慎使用常规强化。
