Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, Uppsala 75007, Sweden.
Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, Uppsala 75007, Sweden.
Prev Vet Med. 2024 Jul;228:106229. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106229. Epub 2024 May 19.
Osteochondrosis (OC) is a focal disturbance of endochondral ossification due to a failure of blood supply to the epiphyseal growth cartilage. In dogs, OC most commonly affects the shoulder joint, followed by the elbow, tarsal, and stifle joints. The condition is associated with clinical signs such as lameness and pain and the prognosis varies depending on the affected joint. Most epidemiologic studies of OC in dogs were performed over 20 years ago, and updated estimates of disease incidence are lacking. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to provide population-based estimates of the incidence rate, cause-specific mortality rate, and age at diagnosis of appendicular OC (AOC, including OC of the shoulder, elbow, stifle, and tarsal joints) and stifle and tarsal OC separately, using data from Agria Djurförsäkring in Sweden (2011-2016). Further, the study aimed to evaluate the risk of OC in subgroups divided by breed and sex and describe previous, concurrent, and subsequent diagnoses of the affected joint in dogs with stifle or tarsal joint OC. The study population included just over 600,000 dogs, of which 685 were affected by AOC. Stifle joint OC (n = 113) was more common than tarsal joint OC (n = 80). The incidence rate of AOC was 3.77 (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.49-4.07) cases per 10,000 dog-years at risk, while the incidence rate of stifle and joint tarsal OC was 0.64 (95% CI: 0.53-0.77) and 0.43 (95% CI: 0.34-0.54) cases per 10,000 dog-years at risk, respectively. All breeds at increased risk of AOC were large or giant, and male dogs had an increased risk of AOC compared to female dogs (RR 1.76, 95% CI: 1.50-2.07, p < 0.001). The median age at first diagnosis during the study period was 0.74 (0.32-11.5) years for AOC, 2.62 (0.45-8.82) years for stifle joint OC, and 0.73 (0.35-7.35) years for tarsal joint OC. Of the dogs with stifle or tarsal joint OC, 30.2% and 15.0% had a previous diagnosis of stifle/tarsal joint pain or other unspecific clinical signs, respectively, and 13.8% of the dogs with stifle joint OC suffered subsequent cruciate ligament rupture. Osteochondrosis was the most common reason for euthanasia in the affected dogs. In total, 77 dogs were euthanised due to AOC during the study period.
骨软骨病（OC）是一种由于骨骺生长软骨的血液供应失败而导致的局灶性软骨内骨化障碍。在犬中，OC 最常影响肩关节，其次是肘关节、跗关节和膝关节。该疾病与跛行和疼痛等临床症状有关，预后取决于受影响的关节。大多数犬 OC 的流行病学研究是在 20 多年前进行的，目前缺乏关于疾病发病率的最新估计。因此，本研究的目的是利用瑞典 Agria Djurförsäkring 的数据（2011-2016 年），提供四肢 OC（包括肩关节、肘关节、膝关节和跗关节 OC）和单独的膝关节和跗关节 OC 的发病率、特定原因死亡率和诊断时年龄的基于人群的估计值。此外，该研究旨在评估按品种和性别划分的亚组中 OC 的风险，并描述患有膝关节或跗关节 OC 的犬受累关节的先前、同时和随后的诊断情况。研究人群包括略多于 600,000 只狗，其中 685 只患有 AOC。膝关节 OC（n = 113）比跗关节 OC（n = 80）更常见。AOC 的发病率为每 10,000 只狗年 3.77（95%置信区间（CI）：3.49-4.07）例，而膝关节和跗关节 OC 的发病率分别为每 10,000 只狗年 0.64（95%CI：0.53-0.77）和 0.43（95%CI：0.34-0.54）例。所有患有 AOC 风险增加的品种都是大型或巨型犬，与母犬相比，公犬患有 AOC 的风险增加（RR 1.76，95%CI：1.50-2.07，p < 0.001）。在研究期间，AOC 的首次诊断中位年龄为 0.74（0.32-11.5）岁，膝关节 OC 为 2.62（0.45-8.82）岁，跗关节 OC 为 0.73（0.35-7.35）岁。患有膝关节或跗关节 OC 的犬中，30.2%和 15.0%分别有膝关节/跗关节疼痛或其他非特异性临床症状的既往诊断，13.8%的膝关节 OC 犬随后发生十字韧带断裂。骨软骨病是受影响犬安乐死的最常见原因。在研究期间，共有 77 只犬因 AOC 而安乐死。
