Eye tracking and audio sensors to evaluate surgeon's non-technical skills: An empirical study.

Non-Technical Skills (NTS) of medical teams are currently measured using subjective and resource-intensive ratings given by experts. This study explores if objective NTS assessment approaches with eye-tracking and audio sensors can measure teamwork and communication skills in surgery. Eight surgeons participated in a simulated two-phase surgical scenario developed to assess their NTS. Sensor-based audio, eye tracking and video data were collected and analyzed along with rating from the NOTSS scale. Different levels of communication were detected by the sensor data during the two phases of the simulated surgery. Sensor data detected leadership qualities among surgeons based on speech metrics, and eye tracking offered additional evidence about gaze patterns related to NTS. This objective approach to NTS measurement captured differences in communication in greater detail as opposed to a single collective rating obtained using current assessment tools.