Movahedi Ali, Hwarari Delight, Dzinyela Raphael, Ni Siyi, Yang Liming
State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
College of Arts and Sciences, Arlington International University, Wilmington, DE, USA.
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2025 Mar;45(2):473-490. doi: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2344584. Epub 2024 May 26.
Mitogen-activated protein Kinase Kinase 5 (MKK5) is a central hub in the complex phosphorylation chain reaction of the Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) cascade, regulating plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. This review manuscript aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the regulatory mechanism of the MKK5 involved in stress adaptation. This review will delve into the intricate post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications of the MKK5, discussing how they affect its expression, activity, and subcellular localization in response to stress signals. We also discuss the integration of the MKK5 into complex signaling pathways, orchestrating plant immunity against pathogens and its modulating role in regulating abiotic stresses, such as: drought, cold, heat, and salinity, through the phytohormonal signaling pathways. Furthermore, we highlight potential applications of the MKK5 for engineering stress-resilient crops and provide future perspectives that may pave the way for future studies. This review manuscript aims to provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying MKK5 regulation, bridge the gap from numerous previous findings, and offer a firm base in the knowledge of MKK5, its regulating roles, and its involvement in environmental stress regulation.
丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶5（MKK5）是丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）级联复杂磷酸化链反应的核心枢纽，调控植物对生物和非生物胁迫的响应。本综述旨在全面分析MKK5参与胁迫适应的调控机制。本文将深入探讨MKK5复杂的转录后和翻译后修饰，讨论它们如何响应胁迫信号影响其表达、活性和亚细胞定位。我们还将讨论MKK5如何整合到复杂的信号通路中，协调植物对病原体的免疫反应，以及它通过植物激素信号通路在调节干旱、寒冷、高温和盐度等非生物胁迫中的调节作用。此外，我们强调了MKK5在培育抗逆作物方面的潜在应用，并提供了可能为未来研究铺平道路的未来展望。本综述旨在深入了解MKK5调控的潜在机制，弥合以往众多研究结果之间的差距，并为MKK5及其调控作用以及参与环境胁迫调控的知识奠定坚实基础。
