Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
Graduate Program in Science Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
BMC Psychol. 2024 May 27;12(1):300. doi: 10.1186/s40359-024-01788-5.
The worldwide ecological crisis, including global climate change, is leading to increased awareness and attitudes towards environmental problems. To address these problems, studies of human attitudes are needed. This study is based on the 2-Major Environmental Values (2-MEV) model, which measures two components of environmental attitudes: Preservation and Utilization. The model has been applied to both, adolescents and adults. After decades of use, it is necessary to review the psychometric scale and update the wording. Developing short or even super-short scales to measure well-established constructs is necessary due to time constraints, compliance or fatigue due to language issues.
We applied an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to a dataset containing 20 items from the 2-MEV model to reduce the scale to 6 items, 3 per dimension using parallel analysis, scree plot examination and eigen-value greater than 0 as criteria. The scale was then applied to adults and the sample was split for EFA and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) was then used to assess invariance across age and gender. Finally, regression and linear models were used to examine the effects of age and gender in both, adults and adolescents.
The 2-MEV model was replicated in the EFA and CFA and the correlated two-factor model showed the best fit. The scale showed configural and metric invariance across age and gender, and scale invariance across gender. Gender and age effects were replicated in relation to previous studies.
The brief scale showed good model indices and convergent validity.
The brief scale of the 2-MEV model can be applied in situations where environmental attitudes are important, but time constraints (internet surveys), compliance, or language problems may hinder the use of longer scales.
全球生态危机，包括全球气候变化，促使人们对环境问题的认识和态度不断提高。为了解决这些问题，需要研究人类的态度。本研究基于 2 大环境价值观（2-MEV）模型，该模型衡量环境态度的两个组成部分：保护和利用。该模型已应用于青少年和成年人。经过几十年的使用，有必要对心理计量量表进行审查和更新措辞。由于时间限制、语言问题导致的合规性或疲劳，需要开发简短甚至超短的量表来测量成熟的结构。
我们对包含 2-MEV 模型 20 个项目的数据集应用探索性因素分析（EFA），以将量表缩小到 6 个项目，每个维度 3 个项目，使用平行分析、碎石图检验和特征值大于 0 作为标准。然后将该量表应用于成年人，并将样本分为 EFA 和验证性因素分析（CFA）。多组验证性因素分析（MGCFA）用于评估年龄和性别之间的不变性。最后，回归和线性模型用于检验成年人和青少年中年龄和性别的影响。
2-MEV 模型在 EFA 和 CFA 中得到复制，相关的两因素模型显示出最佳拟合。该量表在年龄和性别上表现出结构和度量不变性，并且在性别上具有不变性。性别和年龄的影响在与之前的研究中得到了复制。
简短的量表显示出良好的模型指标和收敛效度。
2-MEV 模型的简短量表可以应用于环境态度很重要的情况，但时间限制（网络调查）、合规性或语言问题可能会阻碍更长量表的使用。
