Cornejo Alejandro, Franco Christopher, Rodriguez-Nuñez Mariajose, García Alexis, Belisario Inirida, Mayora Soriuska, Garzaro Domingo José, Zambrano José Luis, Jaspe Rossana Celeste, Hidalgo Mariana, Parra-Giménez Nereida, Claro Franklin Ennodio, Liprandi Ferdinando, de Waard Jacobus Henri, Rangel Héctor Rafael, Pujol Flor Helene
Laboratorio de Bioquímica Celular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela.
Laboratorio de Virología Celular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, IVIC, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela.
Antibodies (Basel). 2024 May 11;13(2):41. doi: 10.3390/antib13020041.
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have contributed to attenuating the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic by promoting the development of effective immune responses, thus reducing the spread and severity of the pandemic. A clinical trial with the Sputnik-V vaccine was conducted in Venezuela from December 2020 to July 2021. The aim of this study was to explore the antibody reactivity of vaccinated individuals towards different regions of the spike protein (S). Neutralizing antibody (NAb) activity was assessed using a commercial surrogate assay, detecting NAbs against the receptor-binding domain (RBD), and a plaque reduction neutralization test. NAb levels were correlated with the reactivity of the antibodies to the spike regions over time. The presence of Abs against nucleoprotein was also determined to rule out the effect of exposure to the virus during the clinical trial in the serological response. A high serological reactivity was observed to S and specifically to S1 and the RBD. S2, although recognized with lower intensity by vaccinated individuals, was the subunit exhibiting the highest cross-reactivity in prepandemic sera. This study is in agreement with the high efficacy reported for the Sputnik V vaccine and shows that this vaccine is able to induce an immunity lasting for at least 180 days. The dissection of the Ab reactivity to different regions of S allowed us to identify the relevance of epitopes outside the RBD that are able to induce NAbs. This research may contribute to the understanding of vaccine immunity against SARS-CoV-2, which could contribute to the design of future vaccine strategies.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）疫苗通过促进有效免疫反应的产生，减轻了新冠疫情的负担，从而减少了疫情的传播和严重程度。2020年12月至2021年7月在委内瑞拉进行了一项关于卫星V疫苗的临床试验。本研究的目的是探索接种疫苗个体对刺突蛋白（S）不同区域的抗体反应性。使用商业替代试验评估中和抗体（NAb）活性，检测针对受体结合域（RBD）的中和抗体，并进行蚀斑减少中和试验。随着时间的推移，中和抗体水平与抗体对刺突区域的反应性相关。还测定了针对核蛋白的抗体的存在，以排除临床试验期间病毒暴露对血清学反应的影响。观察到对S以及特别是对S1和RBD有高血清学反应性。S2虽然接种个体的识别强度较低，但它是在大流行前血清中表现出最高交叉反应性的亚基。本研究与报道的卫星V疫苗的高疗效一致，并表明该疫苗能够诱导至少持续180天的免疫力。对S不同区域的抗体反应性进行剖析，使我们能够确定RBD以外能够诱导中和抗体的表位的相关性。这项研究可能有助于理解针对SARS-CoV-2的疫苗免疫，这可能有助于未来疫苗策略的设计。
