Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, Faculty of Health Science, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, Faculty of Health Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
Curr Nutr Rep. 2024 Sep;13(3):444-454. doi: 10.1007/s13668-024-00549-5. Epub 2024 May 28.
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by inadequate insulin secretion and resistance, is increasingly prevalent. To effectively manage type 2 diabetes, identifying new therapeutic targets is crucial. MicroRNAs, short noncoding RNA molecules, play a pivotal role in regulating β-cell function, insulin production, and resistance, and show promise as biomarkers for predicting type 2 diabetes onset. Phytochemicals, known for their antioxidant activities, may influence microRNA expression, potentially improving insulin sensitivity and mitigating associated complications. This review aims to explore the significance of microRNA in type 2 diabetes, their potential as biomarkers, and how certain phytochemicals may modulate microRNA expressions to reduce or prevent diabetes and its complications.
Current research suggests that microRNAs show promise as novel therapeutic biomarkers for diagnosing type 2 diabetes and monitoring diabetic complications. Additionally, phytochemicals may regulate microRNAs to control type 2 diabetes, presenting a potential therapeutic strategy. The multifactorial effects of phytochemicals on type 2 diabetes and its complications through microRNAs warrant further research to elucidate their mechanisms. Comprehensive clinical trials are needed to assess the safety and efficacy of phytochemicals and their combinations. Given their ability to modulate microRNAs expression, incorporating phytochemical-rich foods into the diet may be beneficial.
2 型糖尿病的特征为胰岛素分泌不足和抵抗，其发病率日益增高。为了有效管理 2 型糖尿病，确定新的治疗靶点至关重要。微小 RNA（miRNA）是一类短链非编码 RNA 分子，在调节β细胞功能、胰岛素产生和抵抗方面发挥着关键作用，有望成为预测 2 型糖尿病发病的生物标志物。植物化学物质以其抗氧化活性而闻名，可能影响 miRNA 的表达，从而潜在改善胰岛素敏感性并减轻相关并发症。本综述旨在探讨 miRNA 在 2 型糖尿病中的意义、作为生物标志物的潜力，以及某些植物化学物质如何调节 miRNA 表达以减少或预防糖尿病及其并发症。
目前的研究表明，miRNA 有望成为诊断 2 型糖尿病和监测糖尿病并发症的新型治疗生物标志物。此外，植物化学物质可能通过调节 miRNA 来控制 2 型糖尿病，这为治疗提供了一种潜在策略。植物化学物质通过 miRNA 对 2 型糖尿病及其并发症的多因素影响值得进一步研究以阐明其机制。需要进行全面的临床试验来评估植物化学物质及其组合的安全性和疗效。鉴于其调节 miRNA 表达的能力，将富含植物化学物质的食物纳入饮食可能有益。
