Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sport, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK.
School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2024 Oct;124(10):3045-3055. doi: 10.1007/s00421-024-05497-0. Epub 2024 May 29.
This study aimed to investigate the impact of short-term low energy availability (LEA) on vascular function in young, regularly menstruating women.
Participants were 19 women, aged 22.9 ± 4.2 years, with body mass index 18-30 kg·m. They were divided into two groups and completed two conditions in a crossover design: a 3-day control condition (CON) with an energy availability of 45 kcals·kgFFM·day and a 3-day LEA condition of 15 kcals·kgFFM day. Assessments were conducted during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Outcome measures included forearm blood flow (FBF), heart rate, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, resting energy expenditure (REE), metabolic blood markers and body composition.
Significant time-by-condition interactions were found for resting FBF (p = .004), REE (p = .042), triiodothyronine (p = .006), β-hydroxybutyrate (p = .002) and body mass (p < .001). Resting FBF was 1.43 ± 1.01 and 1.31 ± 0.61 (arbitrary units) at pre and post, respectively, in LEA and 1.52 ± 0.7 and 1.76 ± 0.57 at pre and post in CON. The LEA condition led to a decrease in triiodothyronine (pre: 1.54 ± 0.28, post: 1.29 ± 0.27 ng ml), REE (pre: 1588 ± 165, post: 1487 ± 160 kcals day) and body mass (pre: 61.4 ± 7.5, post: 59.6 ± 7.3 kg). Changes in resting FBF were significantly correlated with changes in REE in the LEA condition (r = 0.53; p = 0.02).
Short-term LEA modifies regional blood flow and this might contribute to the observed decreased in REE. Findings emphasize the need for careful management of energy availability in populations at risk of LEA.
本研究旨在探讨短期低能量状态(LEA)对年轻、规律月经女性血管功能的影响。
研究对象为 19 名年龄 22.9±4.2 岁、体重指数 18-30kg·m 的女性。她们被分为两组,并采用交叉设计完成两种条件:能量供应为 45kcal·kgFFM·天的 3 天对照条件(CON)和能量供应为 15kcal·kgFFM·天的 3 天 LEA 条件。评估在月经周期的早期卵泡期进行。结果指标包括前臂血流(FBF)、心率、血压、动脉僵硬度、静息能量消耗(REE)、代谢血液标志物和身体成分。
在静息 FBF(p=0.004)、REE(p=0.042)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(p=0.006)、β-羟丁酸(p=0.002)和体重(p<0.001)方面,存在显著的时间-条件交互作用。LEA 时静息 FBF 分别为 1.43±1.01 和 1.31±0.61(任意单位),CON 时分别为 1.52±0.7 和 1.76±0.57。LEA 条件导致三碘甲状腺原氨酸(pre:1.54±0.28,post:1.29±0.27ngml)、REE(pre:1588±165,post:1487±160kcalsday)和体重(pre:61.4±7.5,post:59.6±7.3kg)下降。LEA 条件下静息 FBF 的变化与 REE 的变化显著相关(r=0.53;p=0.02)。
短期 LEA 改变了局部血流,这可能导致观察到的 REE 下降。这些发现强调了在处于 LEA 风险的人群中,需要谨慎管理能量可用性。