Division of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2019 Oct;43(10):2028-2036. doi: 10.1038/s41366-018-0247-2. Epub 2018 Nov 23.
Intermittent energy restriction (IER) is an alternative to continuous energy restriction (CER) for weight loss. There are few long-term trials comparing efficacy of these methods. The objective was to compare the effects of CER to two forms of IER; a week-on-week-off energy restriction and a 5:2 program, during which participants restricted their energy intake severely for 2 days and ate as usual for 5 days, on weight loss, body composition, blood lipids, and glucose.
A one-year randomized parallel trial was conducted at the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia. Participants were 332 overweight and obese adults, ages 18-72 years, who were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: CER (4200 kJ/day for women and 5040 kJ/day for men), week-on-week-off energy restriction (alternating between the same energy restriction as the continuous group for one week and one week of habitual diet), or 5:2 (2100 kJ/day on modified fast days each week for women and 2520 kJ/day for men, the 2 days of energy restriction could be consecutive or non-consecutive). Primary outcome was weight loss, and secondary outcomes were changes in body composition, blood lipids, and glucose.
For the 146 individuals who completed the study (124 female, 22 male, mean BMI 33 kg/m) mean weight loss, and body fat loss at 12 months was similar in the three intervention groups, -6.6 kg for CER, -5.1 kg for the week-on, week-off and -5.0 kg for 5:2 (p = 0.2 time by diet). Discontinuation rates were not different (p = 0.4). HDL-cholesterol rose (7%) and triglycerides decreased (13%) at 12 months with no differences between groups. No changes were seen for fasting glucose or LDL-cholesterol.
The two forms of IER were not statistically different for weight loss, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors compared to CER.
间歇性能量限制（IER）是一种替代连续能量限制（CER）的减肥方法。目前，比较这两种方法疗效的长期试验较少。本研究旨在比较 CER 与两种 IER 形式（每周一次的能量限制和 5:2 方案）在减肥、身体成分、血脂和血糖方面的效果，5:2 方案中，参与者在两天内严格限制能量摄入，而在 5 天内正常进食。
这项为期一年的随机平行试验在澳大利亚阿德莱德南澳大利亚大学进行。共有 332 名超重和肥胖成年人（年龄 18-72 岁）参与，他们被随机分为 3 组：CER（女性 4200 kJ/天，男性 5040 kJ/天）、每周一次的能量限制（连续一周按相同能量限制，随后一周恢复正常饮食）或 5:2（女性每周两天限制 2100 kJ/天，男性限制 2520 kJ/天，限制日可连续或不连续）。主要结局为体重减轻，次要结局为身体成分、血脂和血糖的变化。
在完成研究的 146 名参与者（124 名女性，22 名男性，平均 BMI 33kg/m²）中，三种干预组 12 个月时的体重减轻和体脂减少相似，CER 组为-6.6kg，每周一次的能量限制组为-5.1kg，5:2 组为-5.0kg（p=0.2 时，与饮食无关）。停药率无差异（p=0.4）。12 个月时，HDL-胆固醇升高（7%），甘油三酯降低（13%），但各组间无差异。空腹血糖和 LDL-胆固醇无变化。
与 CER 相比，两种 IER 形式在体重减轻、身体成分和心血管代谢危险因素方面无统计学差异。
