游泳运动和二甲双胍通过调节 Bcl2/Bax 信号通路对 2 型糖尿病肥胖大鼠高脂饮食引起的心脏和主动脉损伤的保护作用。
Protective effects of swimming exercises and metformin on cardiac and aortic damage caused by a high-fat diet in obese rats with type 2 diabetes, by regulating the Bcl2/Bax signaling pathway.
机构信息
Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Institute of Education Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sports Education, Burdur, Turkiye.
Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Sport Science, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Burdur, Turkiye.
出版信息
Turk J Med Sci. 2023 Aug 11;53(6):1582-1592. doi: 10.55730/1300-0144.5727. eCollection 2023.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Due to the increasing mortality and morbidity rates in diabetes mellitus (DM), which is one of the biggest health problems of our age, many treatment modalities are still being tried. The positive effects of metformin (MET) and physical exercise (EXE) on the pathophysiology of diabetes are well known. In this study, it was aimed to detail these positive effects of MET and EXE in combination on the basis of inflammation, apoptosis mechanisms, and endogen nesfatin-1 (NES-1) synthesis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty-seven type 2 DM (DM-2) male Wistar Albino rats were divided into 4 groups, as the high-fat diet (HFD), MET, EXE, and MET+EXE groups. The total duration of the study was 3 months. At the end of the experiment, blood glucose and lipid profiles were measured. Histopathological evaluation was performed on the cardiac and aortic tissues and apoptotic markers were evaluated immunohistochemically. Inflammatory markers and NES-1 levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS
The plasma glucose, homeostatic model evaluation-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels increased, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels decreased significantly in the HFD group. In the treatment groups, the glucose, HOMA-IR, LDL, NES-1 levels in the plasma, as well as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, caspase-3 (Cas-3), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and histopathological findings of inflammation in tissues were decreased. Additionally, there was an increase in plasma insulin, HDL, and tissue B-cell lymphoma-2 and levels.
CONCLUSION
It was observed that the MET and EXE treatments in the DM-2 model reduced cellular damage mechanisms such as inflammation and apoptosis. The decrease in NES-1 levels was thought to be secondary to this antiinflammatory effect. In conclusion, the results demonstrated the effectiveness of EXE in reducing DM-2 and the NES-1 levels. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect in different EXE models and treatment durations.
背景/目的：糖尿病（DM）是当今时代最大的健康问题之一，其死亡率和发病率不断上升，因此仍在尝试多种治疗方法。二甲双胍（MET）和体育锻炼（EXE）对糖尿病病理生理学的积极影响是众所周知的。在这项研究中，我们旨在详细阐述 MET 和 EXE 联合应用对炎症、细胞凋亡机制和内源性 nesfatin-1（NES-1）合成的这些积极影响。
材料和方法
将 27 只 2 型糖尿病（DM-2）雄性 Wistar 白化大鼠分为 4 组，即高脂肪饮食（HFD）组、MET 组、EXE 组和 MET+EXE 组。研究总时长为 3 个月。实验结束时，测量血糖和血脂谱。对心脏和主动脉组织进行组织病理学评估，并通过免疫组织化学评估凋亡标志物。通过酶联免疫吸附试验分析炎症标志物和 NES-1 水平。
结果
HFD 组大鼠的血浆葡萄糖、稳态模型评估-胰岛素抵抗（HOMA-IR）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）水平升高，高密度脂蛋白（HDL）水平降低。在治疗组中，血浆葡萄糖、HOMA-IR、LDL、NES-1 水平以及肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3（Cas-3）、B 细胞淋巴瘤-2 相关 X 蛋白（Bax）和组织炎症的组织学发现均降低。此外，血浆胰岛素、HDL 和组织 B 细胞淋巴瘤-2 水平升高。
结论
我们观察到 MET 和 EXE 治疗可降低 DM-2 模型中的细胞损伤机制，如炎症和细胞凋亡。认为 NES-1 水平降低是这种抗炎作用的结果。总之，结果表明 EXE 可有效降低 DM-2 并降低 NES-1 水平。需要进一步研究以评估不同 EXE 模型和治疗持续时间的效果。
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