Paravar Arezoo, Maleki Farahani Saeideh, Rezazadeh Alireza, Adetunji Ademola Emmanuel, Farooq Muhammad
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shahed University, 18155-159, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
Heliyon. 2024 May 18;10(10):e31334. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31334. eCollection 2024 May 30.
The availability of soil water content and nutrition in the maternal plant environment plays pivotal roles in shaping the performance, physio-biochemical properties, and chemical composition of the produced seed. This study aimed to investigate the effects of water and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of maternal plant environment on performance, physio-biochemical properties, and chemical compositions of species offspring. A split-factorial experiment was performed using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The main plot consisted of three drought stress (30 %, 60 % and 90 % of soil available water depletion). The subplots were the factorial combination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF and AMF) and species ( and . The offspring of both species experienced a decrease in seed performance, superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activities, proline, and chemical composition as well as a rise in hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation due to the limited availability of water in the maternal plant environment. On the other hand, providing adequate nutrition in the maternal plant environment resulted in improved germination index, increased starch, and oil content, as well as higher levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in the offspring of both species. Compared to the offspring of , the offspring of had a higher number of achenes, seeds, seed weight, larger seed size, greater germination index, and higher levels of starch, oil, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium. In contrast, the offspring of exhibited higher longevity, enhanced germination under osmotic and salinity stress, increased proline levels, and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbic peroxidase as well as sucrose and total soluble sugar. The study concludes that the best seed performance, antioxidant enzyme activities, and carbohydrate levels were observed in the offspring of both species produced under 60 % soil available water depletion with AMF inoculation in the maternal plant environment. These findings highlight the significant impact of the soil available water depletion and AMF inoculation on the seed performance, physio-biochemical properties, and chemical composition of the offspring, providing valuable insights for optimizing seed production and performance.
母本植物环境中土壤水分含量和养分的可利用性在塑造所产生种子的性能、生理生化特性及化学成分方面起着关键作用。本研究旨在探讨母本植物环境中的水分和丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）对物种后代的性能、生理生化特性及化学成分的影响。采用随机完全区组设计（RCBD）进行裂区试验，重复三次。主区包括三种干旱胁迫（土壤有效水分消耗的30%、60%和90%）。副区是丛枝菌根真菌（AMF和AMF）与物种（和）的析因组合。由于母本植物环境中水分可利用性有限，两个物种的后代在种子性能、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性、脯氨酸及化学成分方面均有所下降，而过氧化氢和脂质过氧化则有所上升。另一方面，在母本植物环境中提供充足的养分可提高发芽指数、增加淀粉和油含量，以及两个物种后代中更高水平的氮和磷。与的后代相比，的后代具有更多的瘦果、种子、种子重量、更大的种子尺寸、更高的发芽指数以及更高水平的淀粉、油、氮、磷、钾和钙。相比之下，的后代表现出更长的寿命、在渗透和盐胁迫下增强的发芽能力、增加的脯氨酸水平以及更高的抗氧化酶活性，如超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶以及蔗糖和总可溶性糖。研究得出结论，在母本植物环境中接种AMF且土壤有效水分消耗60%的条件下，两个物种产生的后代具有最佳的种子性能、抗氧化酶活性和碳水化合物水平。这些发现突出了土壤有效水分消耗和AMF接种对后代种子性能、生理生化特性及化学成分的重大影响，为优化种子生产和性能提供了有价值的见解。
