Hillside Teachers' College, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.
Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers, Japan International Cooperation Agency, Tokyo, Japan.
PeerJ. 2024 May 29;12:e17443. doi: 10.7717/peerj.17443. eCollection 2024.
High-intensity sprint exercises (HIS) are central to sprinter training and require careful monitoring of athlete muscle fatigue to improve performance and prevent injury. While the countermovement jump (CMJ) may be used to monitor neuromuscular fatigue (NMF), little is known about the specific effects from HIS. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of HIS on the CMJ to assess its utility for assessing NMF following HIS.
Ten male collegiate 400 m sprinters completed a 400 m sprint fatigue protocol and underwent five CMJ-testing sessions (baseline, 3 minutes, 10 minutes, 1 hour and 24 hours) over two days. Three CMJ trials, performed on a force plate, were completed each trial, with rating of perceived exertion (RPE) recorded as a subjective fatigue measure. Changes in RPE, CMJ variables, force-time and power-time curves at baseline and post fatigue were assessed.
Significant changes were observed in most variables following the fatigue protocol. In particular, concentric mean power remained significantly lower after 24 hours compared to baseline. In addition, the force-time curves exhibited a significant reduction in all conditions following the fatigue protocol. This decline was most pronounced within 50-75%of the concentric phase relative to baseline measurements. Results indicate that the CMJ may be a useful tool for monitoring fatigue in at least 400 m sprinters. These data also indicate that HIS may disproportionately reduce force output in during concentric movement. These insights may improve training prescriptions and injury prevention strategies for sprint athletes.
高强度冲刺练习（HIS）是短跑运动员训练的核心，需要仔细监测运动员的肌肉疲劳，以提高表现和预防受伤。虽然反跳（CMJ）可用于监测神经肌肉疲劳（NMF），但对于 HIS 的具体影响知之甚少。本研究的目的是调查 HIS 对 CMJ 的影响，以评估其在评估 HIS 后 NMF 的效用。
10 名男性大学生 400 米短跑运动员完成了 400 米短跑疲劳方案，并在两天内进行了五次 CMJ 测试（基线、3 分钟、10 分钟、1 小时和 24 小时）。每个试验在力量板上完成三次 CMJ 试验，记录主观疲劳测量的感觉用力（RPE）。评估基线和疲劳后 RPE、CMJ 变量、力时间和功率时间曲线的变化。
疲劳方案后，大多数变量都发生了显著变化。特别是，与基线相比，24 小时后同心平均功率仍明显较低。此外，疲劳方案后所有条件下的力时间曲线均显著降低。与基线测量相比，同心阶段的 50-75%范围内下降最为明显。结果表明，CMJ 可能是监测至少 400 米短跑运动员疲劳的有用工具。这些数据还表明，HIS 可能会不成比例地降低同心运动中的力输出。这些见解可能会改善短跑运动员的训练方案和预防受伤策略。
