Breslow Aaron S, Sandil Riddhi, Brewster Melanie E, Parent Mike C, Chan Anthea, Yucel Aysegul, Bensmiller Nicholas, Glaeser Elizabeth
Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University.
Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education, University of Texas at Austin.
Psychol Men Masc. 2020 Jan;21(1):25-35. doi: 10.1037/men0000202. Epub 2019 Apr 4.
The recent proliferation of mobile dating applications ("apps") has led to profound shifts in the ways sexual minority men (SMM) connect with others and themselves (Anderson, Holland, Koc, & Haslam, 2018). These apps, which often categorize users by factors such as body build, may promote sexual harassment and objectification (Griffiths, Murray, Krug, & McLean, 2018), potentially compounding already disproportionate body image concerns among this population (Daniel & Bridges, 2010). To test relations of app use and online objectification, we examined a path model testing tenets of objectification theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997) among a national sample of 230 SMM. We measured direct and indirect relations between patterns of app use (i.e., number of apps used, app use frequency), online objectification, internalization of sociocultural standards of attractiveness, two psychological reactions (i.e., body surveillance, body satisfaction), and self-esteem, a mental health risk particularly salient among SMM. The present study demonstrated support for expansions of objectification theory both online and among SMM. Regarding direct relations, number of apps used (though not app use frequency) was positively related with objectification, internalization, and body surveillance, and negatively related with body satisfaction and self-esteem. Variables yielded indirect relations via internalization, body surveillance, and body satisfaction. Implications of our findings, as well as limitations and implications for future research and practice, are discussed.
近期移动约会应用程序（“应用”）的激增，导致了性少数群体男性（SMM）与他人及自身建立联系的方式发生了深刻变化（安德森、霍兰德、科克和哈斯拉姆，2018年）。这些应用程序通常会根据体型等因素对用户进行分类，这可能会助长性骚扰和物化行为（格里菲思、默里、克鲁格和麦克林，2018年），从而可能加剧该群体中本就不成比例的身体形象问题（丹尼尔和布里奇斯，2010年）。为了检验应用程序使用与网络物化之间的关系，我们在一个由230名SMM组成的全国样本中，检验了一个路径模型，以验证物化理论（弗雷德里克森和罗伯茨，1997年）的原则。我们测量了应用程序使用模式（即使用的应用程序数量、应用程序使用频率）、网络物化、社会文化吸引力标准的内化、两种心理反应（即身体监测、身体满意度）和自尊之间的直接和间接关系，自尊是SMM中特别突出的心理健康风险因素。本研究证明了对物化理论在网络环境和SMM群体中的扩展的支持。关于直接关系，使用的应用程序数量（而非应用程序使用频率）与物化、内化和身体监测呈正相关，与身体满意度和自尊呈负相关。这些变量通过内化、身体监测和身体满意度产生间接关系。我们讨论了研究结果的意义，以及对未来研究和实践的局限性和启示。
