Effect of Preadministration of Nalmefene on Sufentanil-Induced Cough During Induction of General Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Breast Surgery: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

PURPOSE

This study was designed to investigate the effects of preadministration of nalmefene before general anesthesia induction on sufentanil-induced cough (SIC) in patients undergoing breast surgery.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A total of 105 patients scheduled for elective breast surgery under general anesthesia were selected and randomly assigned into three groups: normal saline (Group C), low-dose nalmefene 0.1 μg·kg (Group LN), and high-dose nalmefene 0.25 μg·kg (Group HN). Sufentanil 0.5 μg·kg was injected intravenously within 2 s after 5 min of intervention. The count and severity of cough within 2 min after sufentanil injection, as well as the time to first cough, were recorded. In addition, we also collected intraoperative hemodynamic data, postoperative pain scores, the incidence of receiving rescue analgesics, and side effects up to 24 h after surgery.

RESULTS

Compared to Group C, the incidence of SIC was significantly lower in Group LN and HN (64.7% vs 30.3% and 14.7%, respectively; < 0.001), but no significant difference was observed between the two groups (=0.126). Compared to Group C, the risk factors decreased by 53.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] =0.181-0.735, =0.008) in Group LN and by 75.9% (95% CI=0.432-0.898, =0.001) in Group HN. Of the patients with SIC, less frequent SIC within 2 min after induction and a lower proportion of severe coughs were observed than Group C ( < 0.05), and no difference was detected between Group LN and HN. Additionally, the onset time to the first SIC did not differ significantly between the groups. Intraoperative hemodynamic data, postoperative pain scores, and side effects in the first 24 h did not differ among the groups.

CONCLUSION

Preadministration of nalmefene prior to induction of general anesthesia effectively suppressed SIC in patients undergoing breast surgery, without affecting intraoperative hemodynamic fluctuation and postoperative pain intensity.