Ostry D J, Munhall K G
J Acoust Soc Am. 1985 Feb;77(2):640-8. doi: 10.1121/1.391882.
A computerized pulsed-ultrasound system was used to monitor tongue dorsum movements during the production of consonant-vowel sequences in which speech rate, vowel, and consonant were varied. The kinematics of tongue movement were analyzed by measuring the lowering gesture of the tongue to give estimates of movement amplitude, duration, and maximum velocity. All three subjects in the study showed reliable correlations between the amplitude of the tongue dorsum movement and its maximum velocity. Further, the ratio of the maximum velocity to the extent of the gesture, a kinematic indicator of articulator stiffness, was found to vary inversely with the duration of the movement. This relationship held both within individual conditions and across all conditions in the study such that a single function was able to accommodate a large proportion of the variance due to changes in movement duration. As similar findings have been obtained both for abduction and adduction gestures of the vocal folds and for rapid voluntary limb movements, the data suggest that a wide range of changes in the duration of individual movements might all have a similar origin. The control of movement rate and duration through the specification of biomechanical characteristics of speech articulators is discussed.
使用计算机化脉冲超声系统监测在辅音-元音序列发音过程中舌背的运动，其中语速、元音和辅音均有所变化。通过测量舌头的下降动作来分析舌运动的运动学，以估计运动幅度、持续时间和最大速度。研究中的所有三名受试者均显示舌背运动幅度与其最大速度之间存在可靠的相关性。此外，最大速度与动作幅度的比值（发音器官僵硬度的运动学指标）被发现与运动持续时间成反比。这种关系在个体条件下以及研究中的所有条件下均成立，因此一个单一函数能够解释因运动持续时间变化而产生的大部分方差。由于在声带的外展和内收动作以及快速的随意肢体运动中都获得了类似的发现，这些数据表明个体运动持续时间的广泛变化可能都有相似的起源。文中还讨论了通过规定言语发音器官的生物力学特征来控制运动速率和持续时间的问题。
