Bhumula Kishore Babu, G N Kumar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Mangalore, 575025, India.
Heliyon. 2024 May 17;10(11):e31484. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31484. eCollection 2024 Jun 15.
Recently, biofuels with higher alcohol content have become a promising alternative to diesel fuel. These fuels are appealing because they are sustainable, renewable, and possess attractive fuel properties. This study uses a split injection strategy to analyze the performance and emissions of a CRDI diesel engine fueled by 1-heptanol. The work involved testing different fuel blends, ranging from 10 % to 30 %, while maintaining a constant engine speed of 1500 rpm and varying the operating load between 0 kg and 12 kg in 4 kg increments. During the second stage, the CRITIC-TOPSIS method determines the objective weights and rankings of various criteria and alternatives. A Python approach based on machine learning was used to ensure the CRITIC-TOPSIS results were accurate. Seven criteria were evaluated to maximize BTE while minimizing BSFC, NOx, smoke opacity, HC, CO, and CO. The experimental results showed a slight drop of 2.98 % in BTE and an increase of about 13.33 % in BSFC. NOx and smoke opacity were reduced by 7.13%-4.53 %, while there was a 12.12 % increase in HC, 6.45 % higher CO, and a 5.5 % increase in CO at full load. Adding 1-heptanol to diesel and using a split injection strategy significantly reduced NOx and smoke opacity. The final ranking and best blend are determined using CRITIC-TOPSIS and Python algorithms to estimate performance and emissions criteria. At a load of 4 kg, D100 ranks first with a relative closeness value of 0.642, while at a pack of 8 kg, the blend HP20D80 ranks first with a relative closeness value of 0.633. According to the rankings, the HP20D80 blend is the best option for achieving optimal performance and reduced emissions in CRDI diesel engines. A research paper has presented a unique approach to multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) validated using a Python algorithm. This method can assist decision-makers in making better-informed choices when faced with MCDM problems that involve various criteria and alternatives.
最近，具有较高酒精含量的生物燃料已成为柴油燃料的一种有前景的替代品。这些燃料具有吸引力，因为它们可持续、可再生，且具备吸引人的燃料特性。本研究采用分段喷射策略来分析由1-庚醇作为燃料的共轨直喷（CRDI）柴油发动机的性能和排放。这项工作包括测试不同的燃料混合物，其比例从10%到30%不等，同时保持发动机转速恒定为1500转/分钟，并以4千克的增量在0千克至12千克之间改变运行负荷。在第二阶段，CRITIC-TOPSIS方法确定各种标准和替代方案的客观权重及排名。采用了基于机器学习的Python方法来确保CRITIC-TOPSIS结果的准确性。评估了七个标准，以在使制动热效率（BTE）最大化的同时，使燃油消耗率（BSFC）、氮氧化物（NOx）、烟度、碳氢化合物（HC）、一氧化碳（CO）以及二氧化碳（CO₂）最小化。实验结果表明，BTE略有下降2.98%，BSFC增加约13.33%。NOx和烟度分别降低了7.13% - 4.53%，而在满负荷时，HC增加了12.12%，CO增加了6.45%，CO₂增加了5.5%。向柴油中添加1-庚醇并采用分段喷射策略可显著降低NOx和烟度。使用CRITIC-TOPSIS和Python算法来估计性能和排放标准，从而确定最终排名和最佳混合物。在4千克负荷下，D100以相对接近度值0.642排名第一，而在8千克负荷下，混合物HP20D80以相对接近度值0.633排名第一。根据排名，HP20D80混合物是在CRDI柴油发动机中实现最佳性能和降低排放的最佳选择。一篇研究论文提出了一种独特的多准则决策（MCDM）方法，并使用Python算法进行了验证。该方法可帮助决策者在面对涉及各种标准和替代方案的MCDM问题时做出更明智的选择。
