Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA.
Center for Advancing Research in Transportation Emissions, Energy, and Health (CARTEEH), Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI), College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Feb 12;17(4):1166. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17041166.
With recent rapid urbanization, sustainable development is required to prevent health risks associated with adverse environmental exposures from the unsustainable development of cities. Ambient air pollution is the greatest environmental risk factor for human health and is responsible for considerable levels of mortality worldwide. Burden of disease assessment (BoD) of air pollution in and across cities, and how these estimates vary according to socioeconomic status and exposure to road traffic, can help city planners and health practitioners to mitigate adverse exposures and promote public health. In this study, we quantified the health impacts of air pollution exposure (PM and NO) at the census tract level in Houston, Texas, employing a standard BoD assessment framework to estimate the premature deaths (adults 30 to 78 years old) attributable to PM and NO. We found that 631 (95% CI: 366-809) premature deaths were attributable to PM in Houston, and 159 (95% CI: 0-609) were attributable to NO, in 2010. Complying with the World Health Organization air quality guidelines (annual mean: 10 μg/m for PM) and the US National Ambient Air Quality standard (annual mean: 12 μg/m for PM) could save 82 (95% CI: 42-95) and 8 (95% CI: 6-10) lives in Houston, respectively. PM was responsible for 7.3% of all-cause premature deaths in Houston, in 2010, which is higher than the death rate associated with diabetes mellites, Alzheimer's disease, or motor vehicle crashes in the US. Households with lower income had a higher risk of adverse exposure and attributable premature deaths. We also showed a positive relationship between health impacts attributable to air pollution and road traffic passing through census tracts, which was more prominent for NO.
随着最近城市化的快速发展，需要可持续发展来防止与城市不可持续发展相关的不利环境暴露对健康造成的风险。 大气污染是对人类健康最大的环境风险因素，也是全球范围内相当多死亡率的原因。 对城市内部和城市之间的空气污染进行疾病负担评估（BoD），以及这些估计值如何根据社会经济地位和道路交通暴露情况而有所不同，可以帮助城市规划者和卫生从业人员减轻不良暴露并促进公共卫生。 在这项研究中，我们在德克萨斯州休斯顿的人口普查区水平上量化了空气污染暴露（PM 和 NO）对健康的影响，采用了标准的 BoD 评估框架来估计 PM 和 NO 导致的过早死亡（30 至 78 岁的成年人）。 我们发现，2010 年休斯顿有 631 例（95%CI：366-809）过早死亡归因于 PM，159 例（95%CI：0-609）归因于 NO。 遵守世界卫生组织空气质量指南（年平均值：10μg/m3 对 PM）和美国国家环境空气质量标准（年平均值：12μg/m3 对 PM）可分别在休斯顿挽救 82 例（95%CI：42-95）和 8 例（95%CI：6-10）的生命。 2010 年，PM 导致休斯顿所有原因导致的过早死亡的 7.3%，高于美国与糖尿病、阿尔茨海默病或机动车事故相关的死亡率。 收入较低的家庭面临更高的不良暴露和归因于过早死亡的风险。 我们还显示了归因于空气污染的健康影响与穿过人口普查区的道路交通之间的正相关关系，这种关系对于 NO 更为明显。
