Currie Benjamin M, Drew Michael K, Hetherington Michael, Waddington Gordon, Brown Nicholas A T, Toohey Liam A
University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Canberra, Australia.
Diving Australia, Brisbane, Australia.
Sports Health. 2025 May-Jun;17(3):594-602. doi: 10.1177/19417381241255329. Epub 2024 Jun 3.
The Olympic sport of diving involves the competitive disciplines of 3 m springboard and 10 m platform. Although it is generally accepted that lumbar spine injuries are common in diving athletes, the existing literature of health problems in diving athletes remains scarce.
To identify the incidence, prevalence, and type of health problems that occur in competitive diving athletes.
Medline, EMBASE, SportsDiscus, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar.
Studies written in English investigating elite or pre-elite competitive diving (springboard, platform) injuries and/or illnesses were eligible. Two independent reviewers screened for inclusion by title, abstract, and full text in accordance with the eligibility criteria.
Systematic review.
Level 4.
Data extraction was completed by 1 author using a structured form. A second author then independently reviewed and verified the extracted data, any discrepancies were resolved through consensus.
The search identified 2554 potential articles, with 28 studies meeting eligibility criteria. The surveillance setting of most studies was restricted to competition-based events, with the reported injury incidence proportion ranging from 2.1% to 22.2%. The reported injury incidence rate ranged from 1.9 to 15.5 per 1000 athlete-exposures. Injuries to the shoulder, lower back/lumbar spine, trunk, and wrist/hand were reported most frequently. The prevalence of low back pain was reported as high as 89% (lifetime), 43.1% (period), and 37.3% (point). The illness incidence proportion ranged from 0.0% to 22.2%, with respiratory and gastrointestinal illness reported most frequently.
Up to 1 in 5 diving athletes sustain an injury and/or illness during periods of competition. A reporting bias was observed, with most cohort studies limiting surveillance to short competition-based periods only. This limits the current understanding of the health problems experienced by diving athletes to competition periods only and requires expansion to whole-of-year surveillance.
奥运会跳水项目包括3米跳板和10米跳台两个竞技分项。尽管人们普遍认为腰椎损伤在跳水运动员中很常见，但关于跳水运动员健康问题的现有文献仍然很少。
确定竞技跳水运动员中出现的健康问题的发生率、患病率和类型。
医学期刊数据库（Medline）、荷兰医学文摘数据库（EMBASE）、体育与运动科学数据库（SportsDiscus）、心理学文摘数据库（PsycINFO）和谷歌学术。
用英文撰写的调查精英或准精英竞技跳水（跳板、跳台）损伤和/或疾病的研究符合要求。两名独立评审员根据入选标准，通过标题、摘要和全文筛选纳入研究。
系统评价。
4级。
由1名作者使用结构化表格完成数据提取。然后由另一名作者独立审查并核实提取的数据，任何差异通过协商解决。
检索到2554篇潜在文章，其中28项研究符合入选标准。大多数研究的监测范围仅限于基于比赛的赛事，报告的损伤发生率在2.1%至22.2%之间。报告的损伤发生率为每1000名运动员暴露1.9至15.5次。肩部、下背部/腰椎、躯干以及手腕/手部的损伤报告最为频繁。据报告，腰痛的患病率高达89%（终生）、43.1%（某一时期）和37.3%（某一时点）。疾病发生率在0.0%至22.2%之间，呼吸道和胃肠道疾病报告最为频繁。
多达五分之一的跳水运动员在比赛期间会受到损伤和/或患病。观察到存在报告偏倚，大多数队列研究仅将监测限制在基于比赛的短时期内。这使得目前对跳水运动员健康问题的了解仅局限于比赛期间，需要扩大到全年监测。
