Wolna Agata, Szewczyk Jakub, Diaz Michele, Domagalik Aleksandra, Szwed Marcin, Wodniecka Zofia
Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Neurobiol Lang (Camb). 2024 Jun 3;5(2):315-340. doi: 10.1162/nol_a_00128. eCollection 2024.
When bilingual speakers switch back to speaking in their native language (L1) after having used their second language (L2), they often experience difficulty in retrieving words in their L1. This phenomenon is referred to as the . We used the L2 after-effect as a lens to explore the neural bases of bilingual language control mechanisms. Our goal was twofold: first, to explore whether bilingual language control draws on domain-general or language-specific mechanisms; second, to investigate the precise mechanism(s) that drive the L2 after-effect. We used a precision fMRI approach based on functional localizers to measure the extent to which the brain activity that reflects the L2 after-effect overlaps with the language network (Fedorenko et al., 2010) and the domain-general multiple demand network (Duncan, 2010), as well as three task-specific networks that tap into interference resolution, lexical retrieval, and articulation. Forty-two Polish-English bilinguals participated in the study. Our results show that the L2 after-effect reflects increased engagement of domain-general but not language-specific resources. Furthermore, contrary to previously proposed interpretations, we did not find evidence that the effect reflects increased difficulty related to lexical access, articulation, and the resolution of lexical interference. We propose that difficulty of speech production in the picture naming paradigm-manifested as the L2 after-effect-reflects interference at a nonlinguistic level of task schemas or a general increase of cognitive control engagement during speech production in L1 after L2.
当双语者在使用第二语言（L2）后再切换回母语（L1）进行交谈时，他们常常会在检索母语词汇方面遇到困难。这种现象被称为 。我们将第二语言后效应作为一个视角，来探究双语语言控制机制的神经基础。我们的目标有两个：其一，探究双语语言控制是依赖于通用领域机制还是特定语言机制；其二，研究驱动第二语言后效应的精确机制。我们采用了基于功能定位器的精准功能磁共振成像方法，来测量反映第二语言后效应的大脑活动与语言网络（费多伦科等人，2010年）、通用领域多重需求网络（邓肯，2010年）以及三个涉及干扰解决、词汇检索和发音的特定任务网络的重叠程度。42名波兰 - 英语双语者参与了这项研究。我们的研究结果表明，第二语言后效应反映出通用领域资源的参与度增加，而非特定语言资源。此外，与先前提出的解释相反，我们没有发现证据表明这种效应反映了与词汇获取、发音以及词汇干扰解决相关的难度增加。我们提出，在图片命名范式中言语产生的困难——表现为第二语言后效应——反映了任务图式的非语言层面的干扰，或者是在使用第二语言后第一语言言语产生过程中认知控制参与度的普遍增加。
