Broos Wouter Pj, Duyck Wouter, Hartsuiker Robert J
Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2019 Jul;72(7):1601-1619. doi: 10.1177/1747021818807447. Epub 2018 Oct 30.
Research on error monitoring suggests that bilingual Dutch-English speakers are slower to correct some speech errors in their second language (L2) as opposed to their first language (L1). But which component of self-monitoring is slowed down in L2, error detection or interruption and repair of the error? This study charted the time course of monitoring in monolingual English speakers and bilingual Dutch-English speakers in language production and language comprehension, with the aim of pinpointing the component(s) of monitoring that cause an L2 disadvantage. First, we asked whether phonological errors are interrupted more slowly in L2. An analysis of data from three speech error elicitation experiments indeed showed that Dutch-English bilinguals were slower to stop speaking after an error had been detected in their L2 (English) than in their L1 (Dutch), at least for interrupted errors. A similar L2 disadvantage was found when comparing the L2 of Dutch-English bilinguals to the L1 of English monolinguals. Second, monolingual English speakers and bilingual Dutch-English speakers performed a picture naming task, a production monitoring task, and a comprehension monitoring task. Bilingual English speakers were slower in naming pictures in their L2 than monolingual English speakers. However, the production monitoring task and comprehension monitoring task yielded comparable response latencies between monolinguals in their L1 and bilinguals in their L2, indicating that monitoring processes in L2 are not generally slower. We suggest that interruption and repair are planned concurrently and that the difficulty of repairing in L2 triggers a slow-down in L2 interruption.
关于错误监测的研究表明，荷兰语-英语双语者纠正第二语言（L2）中的某些言语错误比第一语言（L1）更慢。但是，在第二语言中，自我监测的哪个组成部分会变慢呢，是错误检测还是错误的中断与修复？本研究描绘了单语英语使用者和荷兰语-英语双语使用者在语言产出和语言理解中监测的时间进程，目的是找出导致第二语言劣势的监测组成部分。首先，我们询问语音错误在第二语言中的中断是否更慢。对来自三个言语错误诱发实验的数据进行分析，结果确实表明，荷兰语-英语双语者在第二语言（英语）中检测到错误后停止说话的速度比在第一语言（荷兰语）中更慢，至少对于被中断错误是这样。将荷兰语-英语双语者的第二语言与英语单语者的第一语言进行比较时，也发现了类似的第二语言劣势。其次，英语单语者和荷兰语-英语双语者完成了一项图片命名任务、一项产出监测任务和一项理解监测任务。说英语的双语者用第二语言命名图片的速度比英语单语者慢。然而，产出监测任务和理解监测任务在单语者的第一语言和双语者的第二语言之间产生了相当的反应潜伏期，这表明第二语言中的监测过程通常并不更慢。我们认为中断和修复是同时计划的，并且在第二语言中修复的困难会导致第二语言中断变慢。
