Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
J Immigr Minor Health. 2024 Oct;26(5):823-829. doi: 10.1007/s10903-024-01601-w. Epub 2024 Jun 5.
US-bound immigrants and refugees undergo a mandatory overseas medical examination that includes tuberculosis screening; this exam is not routinely required for temporary visitors applying for non-immigrant visas (NIV) to visit, work, or study in the United States. US health departments and foreign ministries of health report tuberculosis cases in travelers to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Quarantine Stations. We reviewed cases reported to this passive surveillance system from January 2011 to June 2016. Of 1252 cases of tuberculosis in travelers reported to CDC, 114 occurred in travelers with a long-term NIV. Of these, 83 (73%) were infectious; 18 (16%) with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) and one with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB). We found evidence that NIV holders are diagnosed with tuberculosis disease in the United States. Given that long-term NIV holders were over-represented in this data set, despite the small proportion (4%) of overall non-immigrant admissions they represent, expanding the US overseas migration health screening program to this population might be an efficient intervention to further reduce tuberculosis in the United States.
赴美移民和难民需接受强制性海外体检，包括肺结核筛查；但赴美从事旅游、工作或学习的临时访客（持非移民签证）一般无需进行此项体检。美国卫生部门和外国卫生部向疾病预防控制中心检疫站报告旅行者中的肺结核病例。我们对 2011 年 1 月至 2016 年 6 月期间向该被动监测系统报告的病例进行了审查。在向疾病预防控制中心报告的 1252 例旅行者肺结核病例中，有 114 例发生在持有长期非移民签证的旅行者中。其中，83 例（73%）具有传染性；18 例（16%）为耐多药结核病（MDR-TB），1 例为广泛耐药结核病（XDR-TB）。我们有证据表明，非移民签证持有者在美国被诊断患有结核病。鉴于长期非移民签证持有者在该数据集中占比过高，尽管他们仅占非移民入境总数的 4%，但扩大美国海外移民健康筛查计划至该人群可能是进一步减少美国结核病的有效干预措施。
