School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
Genetics Laboratory, Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong, China.
Environ Int. 2024 Jul;189:108797. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108797. Epub 2024 Jun 1.
Benzophenone (BP)-type UV filters are commonly added to sunscreens and cosmetics to protect against UV radiation for human skin and hair. As a result, BPs are ubiquitous in the environment and human body, and their endocrine-disrupting characteristics have been a hot topic of discussion. However, our knowledge regarding the detrimental effects of prenatal exposure to BPs on pregnant women and their offspring remains limited. To fill this gap, we determined five BP derivatives in 600 serum samples obtained from pregnant women. All the target analytes, except 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP-1), have achieved a 100 % detection rate. The most prevalent compound was 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-3), with a median concentration of 0.545 ng/mL. Significant and positive correlations were observed among BP derivatives, indicating both endogenous metabolism and common external sources. Utilizing Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and quantile-based g-computation (QGC) models, we found relationships between BP exposure and reduced neonatal birth weight (BW) and birth chest circumference (BC) during the third trimester. Notably, the adverse effect of BPs on birth size was sex-specific. Moreover, triglyceride (TG) was identified as a potential mediator of the effect of BPs on blood pressure, and co-exposure to BPs was linked to disruptions in thyroid hormone levels and glucose regulation. Further research is warranted to unravel the toxicity of BPs and their detrimental effects on pregnant women and fetuses.
二苯甲酮（BP）型紫外线滤光剂通常被添加到防晒霜和化妆品中，以保护人体皮肤和头发免受紫外线辐射。因此，BP 在环境和人体中无处不在，其内分泌干扰特性一直是讨论的热点。然而，我们对于孕妇和其后代产前暴露于 BP 对其造成的有害影响的了解仍然有限。为了填补这一空白，我们在 600 名孕妇血清样本中测定了五种 BP 衍生物。除了 2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮（BP-1）外，所有目标分析物均达到了 100%的检测率。最常见的化合物是 2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮（BP-3），其中位数浓度为 0.545ng/mL。BP 衍生物之间存在显著的正相关，表明存在内源性代谢和共同的外部来源。利用贝叶斯核机器回归（BKMR）和基于分位数的 g 计算（QGC）模型，我们发现 BP 暴露与新生儿出生体重（BW）和妊娠晚期出生胸围（BC）降低之间存在关联。值得注意的是，BP 对出生体型的不利影响具有性别特异性。此外，甘油三酯（TG）被确定为 BP 对血压影响的潜在介导物，BP 的共同暴露与甲状腺激素水平和葡萄糖调节紊乱有关。需要进一步研究来阐明 BP 的毒性及其对孕妇和胎儿的有害影响。
