Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain.
Department of Health Sciences, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN)-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Av. De Barañain s/n, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
Sports Med. 2024 Aug;54(8):2059-2069. doi: 10.1007/s40279-024-02033-0. Epub 2024 Jun 5.
Regular exercise reduces chronic disease risk and extends a healthy lifespan, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. DNA methylation is implicated in this process, potentially altering gene expression without changing DNA sequence. However, previous findings appear partly contradictory.
This review aimed to elucidate exercise effects on DNA methylation patterns.
PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. All articles published up to November 2023 were considered for inclusion and assessed for eligibility using the PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes and Study) framework. Randomized controlled trials that assessed the impact of exercise interventions on DNA methylation in previously inactive adults were included. We evaluated the methodological quality of trials using the PEDro scale.
A total of 852 results were identified, of which 12 articles met the inclusion criteria. A total of 827 subjects were included in the studies. Intervention lengths varied from 6 weeks to 12 months. Most trials indicated that exercise interventions can significantly alter the DNA methylation of specific genes and global DNA methylation patterns.
The heterogeneity of results may arise from differences in participant demographics, intervention factors, measurement techniques, and the genomic contexts examined. Future research should analyze the influences of activity type, intensity, and duration, as well as the physical fitness outcomes on DNA methylation. Characterizing such dose-response relationships and identifying genes responsive to exercise are crucial for understanding the molecular mechanisms of exercise, unlocking its full potential for disease prevention and treatment.
有规律的锻炼可以降低慢性病风险并延长健康寿命，但潜在的分子机制仍不清楚。DNA 甲基化与此过程有关，它可以在不改变 DNA 序列的情况下改变基因表达。然而，之前的研究结果似乎有些矛盾。
本综述旨在阐明运动对 DNA 甲基化模式的影响。
根据 PRISMA 2020 指南，检索 PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science 数据库。考虑纳入截至 2023 年 11 月发表的所有文章，并使用 PICOS（人群、干预、比较、结果和研究）框架评估其适用性。纳入评估先前不活跃的成年人运动干预对 DNA 甲基化影响的随机对照试验。我们使用 PEDro 量表评估试验的方法学质量。
共确定了 852 项结果，其中 12 篇文章符合纳入标准。共有 827 名受试者纳入研究。干预时间从 6 周到 12 个月不等。大多数试验表明，运动干预可以显著改变特定基因和全基因组 DNA 甲基化模式。
结果的异质性可能源于参与者人口统计学、干预因素、测量技术和所研究的基因组背景的差异。未来的研究应分析活动类型、强度和持续时间以及身体素质结果对 DNA 甲基化的影响。描述这种剂量反应关系并确定对运动有反应的基因对于理解运动的分子机制、挖掘其在疾病预防和治疗方面的全部潜力至关重要。
