Zhao Weilong, Zhang Wenhong, Chen Jun, Li Huimin, Han Lin, Li Xinyu, Wang Jing, Song Wei, Xu Chonghai, Cai Xinxia, Wang Li
School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250353, China.
ACS Sens. 2024 Jun 28;9(6):2705-2727. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00322. Epub 2024 Jun 6.
The ultrasensitive recognition of biomarkers plays a crucial role in the precise diagnosis of diseases. Graphene-based field-effect transistors (GFET) are considered the most promising devices among the next generation of biosensors. GFET biosensors possess distinct advantages, including label-free, ease of integration and operation, and the ability to directly detect biomarkers in liquid environments. This review summarized recent advances in GFET biosensors for biomarker detection, with a focus on interface functionalization. Various sensitivity-enhancing strategies have been overviewed for GFET biosensors, from the perspective of optimizing graphene synthesis and transfer methods, refinement of surface functionalization strategies for the channel layer and gate electrode, design of biorecognition elements and reduction of nonspecific adsorption. Further, this review extensively explores GFET biosensors functionalized with antibodies, aptamers, and enzymes. It delves into sensitivity-enhancing strategies employed in the detection of biomarkers for various diseases (such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, infectious viruses, etc.) along with their application in integrated microfluidic systems. Finally, the issues and challenges in strategies for the modulation of biosensing interfaces are faced by GFET biosensors in detecting biomarkers.
生物标志物的超灵敏识别在疾病的精准诊断中起着至关重要的作用。基于石墨烯的场效应晶体管（GFET）被认为是下一代生物传感器中最具潜力的器件。GFET生物传感器具有显著优势，包括无需标记、易于集成和操作，以及能够在液体环境中直接检测生物标志物。本综述总结了GFET生物传感器在生物标志物检测方面的最新进展，重点关注界面功能化。从优化石墨烯合成和转移方法、改进沟道层和栅电极的表面功能化策略、设计生物识别元件以及减少非特异性吸附等角度，概述了GFET生物传感器的各种灵敏度增强策略。此外，本综述还广泛探讨了用抗体、适体和酶功能化的GFET生物传感器。深入研究了在检测各种疾病（如癌症、心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病、传染性病毒等）的生物标志物时所采用的灵敏度增强策略及其在集成微流控系统中的应用。最后，阐述了GFET生物传感器在检测生物标志物时，生物传感界面调控策略所面临的问题和挑战。
