Department of Public Health, Faculty of Sciences and Health Technics, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, BP: 1017, CP:030, Guinea.
African Center of Excellence for the Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Jun 7;24(1):1530. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-18936-6.
The incidence of arterial hypertension increases with the aging of the population, but its magnitude remains insufficiently assessed. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hypertension and associated factors in elderly people in Guinea.
Data were obtained from a cross-sectional general population survey, conducted among people aged ≥ 60 years. A stratified enumeration area random sample survey was conducted in the four natural regions of Guinea from February to April 2021. This study included an interview on sociodemographic data, and a clinical examination. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90mmHg or previous diagnosis of hypertension (with or without antihypertensive medication). Hypertension control was defined as blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg during treatment. Age-standardized prevalence was calculated, and logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with hypertension.
A total of 1698 adults (1079 men, mean age: 71.6 ± 9.4 years) had at least two blood pressure measurements. The standardized prevalence of hypertension was 61.4% [95% CI: 61.3-61.6], ranging from 52% in Middle Guinea to 67% in Upper Guinea, and was higher in women (65.2%: 65.0-65.4) than in men (59.1%:58.9-59.3). Among those with hypertension, 46.7% were unaware of their condition before the survey and 49.6% were on treatment and only 18.5% had controlled hypertension. Whatever the residence (rural or urban), increasing age, being unmarried, working as a trader or functionary, jobless, living in upper Guinea, low monthly income, intake of extra salt, known diabetic, overweight, and obesity increased the risk of hypertension. In urban area, female sex (AOR: 1.14: 1.12-1.17), living in lower Guinea (AOR: 3.08: 2.97-3.20), being Maninka (AOR: 1.26: 1.21-1.31), being Nguerze (AOR: 1.71: 1.63-1.81) increased the risk of hypertension, but living in forest Guinea (AOR: 0.88: 0.83-0.93), being Soussou (AOR: 0.88: 0.85-0.92) decreased the risk. In rural area, living in forest Guinea (AOR: 2.14: 2.03-2.26), being Soussou (AOR: 1.14: 1.12-1.17) increased the risk of hypertension, but female sex (AOR: 0.96: 0.94-0.98), living in lower Guinea (AOR: 0.87: 0.85-0.89), being Maninka (AOR: 0.94: 0.92-0.97), being Nguerze (AOR: 0.50: 0.47-0.52) decreased the risk.
Hypertension is a major problem in the elderly population in Guinea, and the level of treatment and control in elderly with known hypertension is inadequate. The place of hypertension among cardiovascular diseases and the identification of associated factors underlines the need to develop innovative approaches to control this major risk factor.
随着人口老龄化，动脉高血压的发病率增加，但对其严重程度的评估仍不充分。本研究旨在调查几内亚老年人高血压的患病率及其相关因素。
数据来自 2021 年 2 月至 4 月在几内亚四个自然地区进行的一项针对年龄≥60 岁的人群的横断面一般人群调查。本研究包括社会人口统计学数据的访谈和临床检查。高血压定义为收缩压≥140mmHg 和/或舒张压≥90mmHg 或既往高血压诊断（有或无降压药物治疗）。高血压控制定义为治疗期间血压低于 140/90mmHg。计算了年龄标准化患病率，并使用逻辑回归检查与高血压相关的因素。
共有 1698 名成年人（1079 名男性，平均年龄：71.6±9.4 岁）至少进行了两次血压测量。高血压的标准化患病率为 61.4%[95%置信区间：61.3-61.6%]，范围从中几内亚的 52%到上几内亚的 67%，女性（65.2%：65.0-65.4）高于男性（59.1%：58.9-59.3）。在高血压患者中，46.7%在调查前不知道自己的病情，49.6%接受了治疗，只有 18.5%的患者血压得到了控制。无论居住在农村还是城市，年龄增长、未婚、从事贸易或公职、失业、居住在上几内亚、月收入低、摄入额外盐分、已知糖尿病、超重和肥胖都会增加患高血压的风险。在城市地区，女性（优势比：1.14：1.12-1.17）、居住在下几内亚（优势比：3.08：2.97-3.20）、属于马林卡族（优势比：1.26：1.21-1.31）、属于恩格泽族（优势比：1.71：1.63-1.81）会增加患高血压的风险，但居住在森林几内亚（优势比：0.88：0.83-0.93）、属于苏苏族（优势比：0.88：0.85-0.92）会降低患高血压的风险。在农村地区，居住在森林几内亚（优势比：2.14：2.03-2.26）、属于苏苏族（优势比：1.14：1.12-1.17）会增加患高血压的风险，但女性（优势比：0.96：0.94-0.98）、居住在下几内亚（优势比：0.87：0.85-0.89）、属于马林卡族（优势比：0.94：0.92-0.97）、属于恩格泽族（优势比：0.50：0.47-0.52）会降低患高血压的风险。
高血压是几内亚老年人群中的一个主要问题，已知高血压老年人的治疗和控制水平不足。心血管疾病中高血压的地位以及相关因素的确定突出表明需要制定创新方法来控制这一主要危险因素。
