Mondal Suchintan, Tavares Márcia T, Brazinha Carla
LAQV/Requimte, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
Heliyon. 2024 May 23;10(11):e31823. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31823. eCollection 2024 Jun 15.
In drug delivery, it is common to use porous particles as carrier media, instead of dense particles, due to their high specific surface area and available entrapment volume, which allows a higher amount of drug to be encapsulated and then released. Chitosan microparticles are extensively used in drug delivery, but porous chitosan microparticles are scarcely reported. In this work, the preparation of porous chitosan microparticles using membrane emulsification is addressed, a technology that involves mild operating conditions and less energy consumption than traditional methods (such as ultrasound), and with higher control of the particle size. The dense structure is obtained by a water-in-oil emulsion. The porous structure is obtained by a gas-in-water-in-oil G/W/O double emulsion, where argon bubbles get entrapped in an aqueous chitosan solution that is further emulsified in a paraffin/petroleum ether mixture. Porous chitosan particles were obtained with sizes of 7.7 ± 1.6 μm, which was comparable with dense chitosan particles (6.2 ± 2.3 μm). The pore structure was optimized by varying the argon flow rate, being optimized at 0.24 L h. The impact of drug loading by adsorption or encapsulation, and of the drug release behaviour when using porous and dense particles were assessed, using the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model drug. The results showed that by encapsulating BSA the loading efficiency was above 95 % for both types of particles, with the release being slightly slower for the dense particles. As for the adsorbed BSA, the loading efficiency was significantly higher for porous particles - 70 % - against the 40 % for dense particles. Porous chitosan particles were successfully obtained using the membrane emulsification technology and showed that these carriers are advantageous regarding drug loading and release.
在药物递送中，由于多孔颗粒具有较高的比表面积和可用包封体积，能够包封并随后释放更多的药物，因此通常将其用作载体介质，而非致密颗粒。壳聚糖微粒在药物递送中被广泛应用，但多孔壳聚糖微粒的报道却很少。在这项工作中，我们探讨了使用膜乳化法制备多孔壳聚糖微粒，该技术操作条件温和，能耗低于传统方法（如超声法），且对粒径的控制更好。致密结构通过油包水乳液获得。多孔结构通过水包气包油（G/W/O）双重乳液获得，其中氩气泡被困在壳聚糖水溶液中，该溶液进一步在石蜡/石油醚混合物中乳化。获得的多孔壳聚糖颗粒尺寸为7.7±1.6μm，与致密壳聚糖颗粒（6.2±2.3μm）相当。通过改变氩气流量优化了孔结构，在0.24 L/h时达到最佳。以蛋白质牛血清白蛋白（BSA）为模型药物，评估了吸附或包封载药的影响以及使用多孔和致密颗粒时的药物释放行为。结果表明，对于两种类型的颗粒，通过包封BSA，载药效率均高于95%，致密颗粒的释放稍慢。至于吸附的BSA，多孔颗粒的载药效率显著更高——为70%，而致密颗粒为40%。使用膜乳化技术成功制备了多孔壳聚糖颗粒，结果表明这些载体在药物载运和释放方面具有优势。
