Schuab Gabriel, Tosta Stephane, Moreno Keldenn, Fonseca Vagner, Santos Luciane Amorim, Slavov Svetoslav Nanev, Kashima Simone, Ciccozzi Massimo, Lourenço José, Cella Eleonora, de Oliveira Carla, Cavalcanti Andréa Cony, Junior Alcantara Luiz Carlos, de Bruycker-Nogueira Fernanda, Bispo de Filippis Ana Maria, Giovanetti Marta
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Laboratório de Arbovírus e Vírus Hemorrágicos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Lancet Reg Health Am. 2024 May 27;35:100786. doi: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100786. eCollection 2024 Jul.
This study focuses on urban arboviruses, specifically dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV), and Zika (ZIKV), which pose a significant public health challenge in Rio de Janeiro state, Southeast Brazil. In our research, we highlight critical findings on the transmission dynamics of these arboviruses in Rio de Janeiro, identifying distinct patterns of disease spread.
By combining genomic data with case reports from the Brazilian Ministry of Health, we have analysed the phylogenetics, prevalence and spatial distribution of these endemic viruses within the state.
Our results revealed sustained DENV transmission primarily in the northern part of the state, a significant ZIKV epidemic in 2016 affecting all mesoregions, and two major CHIKV outbreaks in 2018 and 2019, predominantly impacting the northern and southern areas. Our analysis suggests an inverse relationship between arboviral case incidence and urban density, with less populous regions experiencing higher transmission rates, potentially attributed to a complex interplay of factors such as the efficacy of vector control measures, environmental conditions, local immunity levels, and human mobility. Furthermore, our investigation unveiled distinct age and gender trends among affected individuals. Notably, dengue cases were predominantly observed in young adults aged 32, while chikungunya cases were more prevalent among individuals over 41. In contrast, cases of ZIKV were concentrated around the 33-year age group. Intriguingly, females accounted for nearly 60% of the cases, suggesting a potential gender-based difference in infection rates.
Our findings underscore the complexity of arbovirus transmission and the need for interventions tailored to different geographical mesoregions. Enhanced surveillance and genomic sequencing will be essential for a deeper, more nuanced understanding of regional arbovirus dynamics. Identifying potential blind spots within the state will be pivotal for developing and implementing more effective public health strategies, specifically designed to address the unique challenges posed by these viruses throughout the state.
This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health USA grant U01 AI151698 for the United World Arbovirus Research Network (UWARN) and the CRP-ICGEB RESEARCH GRANT 2020 Project CRP/BRA20-03.
本研究聚焦于城市虫媒病毒，特别是登革热病毒（DENV）、基孔肯雅病毒（CHIKV）和寨卡病毒（ZIKV），这些病毒给巴西东南部里约热内卢州带来了重大的公共卫生挑战。在我们的研究中，我们突出了这些虫媒病毒在里约热内卢传播动态的关键发现，确定了疾病传播的不同模式。
通过将基因组数据与巴西卫生部的病例报告相结合，我们分析了这些地方性病毒在该州内的系统发育、流行情况和空间分布。
我们的结果显示，登革热病毒主要在该州北部持续传播，2016年寨卡病毒大流行影响了所有中区域，2018年和2019年基孔肯雅病毒发生了两次主要疫情，主要影响北部和南部地区。我们的分析表明，虫媒病毒病例发病率与城市密度呈反比关系，人口较少的地区传播率较高，这可能归因于多种因素的复杂相互作用，如病媒控制措施的效果、环境条件、当地免疫水平和人口流动。此外，我们的调查揭示了受影响个体中不同的年龄和性别趋势。值得注意的是，登革热病例主要出现在32岁的年轻人中，而基孔肯雅病例在41岁以上的个体中更为普遍。相比之下，寨卡病毒病例集中在33岁左右的年龄组。有趣的是，女性占病例的近60%，这表明感染率可能存在基于性别的差异。
我们的研究结果强调了虫媒病毒传播的复杂性以及针对不同地理中区域量身定制干预措施的必要性。加强监测和基因组测序对于更深入、更细致地了解区域虫媒病毒动态至关重要。确定该州内潜在的盲点对于制定和实施更有效的公共卫生战略至关重要，这些战略旨在应对这些病毒在全州造成的独特挑战。
本研究得到了美国国立卫生研究院授予联合世界虫媒病毒研究网络（UWARN）的U01 AI151698资助以及国际遗传工程和生物技术中心2020年CRP研究资助项目CRP/BRA20 - 03。
