Calvo Serena, Carrasco Juan Pablo, Conde-Pumpido Celia, Esteve Jose, Aguilar Eduardo Jesús
Pediatrics Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
Psychiatry Deparment, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellón, Castellón, Spain.
Span J Psychiatry Ment Health. 2024 Jun 5. doi: 10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.05.003.
The Werther, Copycat or contagion effect of suicidal behaviour is a complex phenomenon that can arise due to exposure to media stories in which identifiable people take their lives. On the contrary, the Papageno effect prevents people from suicide by promoting positives examples of suicidal crisis management. Impact of both effects has been widely studied in different types of situations, but its existence in social media is a source of much debate.
A systematic search following the PRISMA guidelines of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, PsycInfo, Web of Science and the references of prior reviews yielded 25 eligible studies.
Most of the studies found were observational, with very different methodologies and generally with low risk of bias. In these, the results suggest the existence of the Werther effect in response to social media stories about suicide. This is mediated by multiple factors, including the characteristic of the users, the type of interaction and the content of the publications. At the same time, the Papageno effect is also described. Evidence found by type of social media and future implications are discussed.
Suicidal content on social media can be both contagious and protective. It is confirmed that the Werther and Papageno effects may occur in response to social media, so they could be an interesting target for preventive interventions.
自杀行为的维特效应、模仿效应或传染效应是一种复杂现象，可能因接触到可识别的人自杀的媒体报道而产生。相反，帕帕盖诺效应通过宣传自杀危机管理的积极范例来防止人们自杀。这两种效应在不同类型的情况下都得到了广泛研究，但其在社交媒体中的存在引发了诸多争议。
按照PRISMA指南对PubMed、Scopus、Embase、PsycInfo、科学网进行系统检索，并参考先前综述的参考文献，共获得25项符合条件的研究。
所发现的大多数研究为观察性研究，方法差异很大，且一般偏倚风险较低。在这些研究中，结果表明，针对社交媒体上有关自杀的报道，存在维特效应。这是由多种因素介导的，包括用户特征、互动类型和出版物内容。同时，也描述了帕帕盖诺效应。讨论了按社交媒体类型发现的证据及其未来影响。
社交媒体上的自杀内容既可能具有传染性，也可能具有保护性。已证实，维特效应和帕帕盖诺效应可能因社交媒体而出现，因此它们可能是预防性干预的一个有趣目标。
