State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
Acta Biomater. 2024 Jul 15;183:30-49. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.05.046. Epub 2024 Jun 5.
Bone, an actively metabolic organ, undergoes constant remodeling throughout life. Disturbances in the bone microenvironment can be responsible for pathologically bone diseases such as periodontitis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. Conventional bone tissue biomaterials are not adequately adapted to complex bone microenvironment. Therefore, there is an urgent clinical need to find an effective strategy to improve the status quo. In recent years, nanotechnology has caused a revolution in biomedicine. Cerium(III, IV) oxide, as an important member of metal oxide nanomaterials, has dual redox properties through reversible binding with oxygen atoms, which continuously cycle between Ce(III) and Ce(IV). Due to its special physicochemical properties, cerium(III, IV) oxide has received widespread attention as a versatile nanomaterial, especially in bone diseases. This review describes the characteristics of bone microenvironment. The enzyme-like properties and biosafety of cerium(III, IV) oxide are also emphasized. Meanwhile, we summarizes controllable synthesis of cerium(III, IV) oxide with different nanostructural morphologies. Following resolution of synthetic principles of cerium(III, IV) oxide, a variety of tailored cerium-based biomaterials have been widely developed, including bioactive glasses, scaffolds, nanomembranes, coatings, and nanocomposites. Furthermore, we highlight the latest advances in cerium-based biomaterials for inflammatory and metabolic bone diseases and bone-related tumors. Tailored cerium-based biomaterials have already demonstrated their value in disease prevention, diagnosis (imaging and biosensors) and treatment. Therefore, it is important to assist in bone disease management by clarifying tailored properties of cerium(III, IV) oxide in order to promote the use of cerium-based biomaterials in the future clinical setting. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this review, we focused on the promising of cerium-based biomaterials for bone diseases. We reviewed the key role of bone microenvironment in bone diseases and the main biological activities of cerium(III, IV) oxide. By setting different synthesis conditions, cerium(III, IV) oxide nanostructures with different morphologies can be controlled. Meanwhile, tailored cerium-based biomaterials can serve as a versatile toolbox (e.g., bioactive glasses, scaffolds, nanofibrous membranes, coatings, and nanocomposites). Then, the latest research advances based on cerium-based biomaterials for the treatment of bone diseases were also highlighted. Most importantly, we analyzed the perspectives and challenges of cerium-based biomaterials. In future perspectives, this insight has given rise to a cascade of cerium-based biomaterial strategies, including disease prevention, diagnosis (imaging and biosensors) and treatment.
骨骼是一种活跃代谢的器官，其在整个生命周期中都在不断进行重塑。骨骼微环境的紊乱可能导致牙周炎、骨关节炎、类风湿性关节炎和骨质疏松症等病理性骨病。传统的骨组织生物材料不能很好地适应复杂的骨骼微环境。因此，临床上迫切需要找到一种有效的策略来改善这种现状。近年来，纳米技术在生物医学领域引发了一场革命。氧化铈（III、IV）作为金属氧化物纳米材料的重要成员，通过与氧原子的可逆结合具有双重氧化还原特性，不断在 Ce（III）和 Ce（IV）之间循环。由于其特殊的物理化学性质，氧化铈（III、IV）作为一种多功能纳米材料受到了广泛关注，特别是在骨病方面。本综述描述了骨骼微环境的特征。还强调了氧化铈（III、IV）的酶样特性和生物安全性。同时，我们总结了具有不同纳米结构形态的可控合成氧化铈（III、IV）。在解决氧化铈（III、IV）合成原理的基础上，各种定制的基于铈的生物材料已经得到了广泛的发展，包括生物活性玻璃、支架、纳米膜、涂层和纳米复合材料。此外，我们还强调了基于铈的生物材料在炎症性和代谢性骨疾病以及与骨骼相关的肿瘤中的最新进展。定制的基于铈的生物材料已经在疾病预防、诊断（成像和生物传感器）和治疗方面显示出了它们的价值。因此，通过阐明氧化铈（III、IV）的定制特性来协助骨骼疾病的管理非常重要，以便在未来的临床环境中促进基于铈的生物材料的使用。
在本综述中，我们重点关注了基于铈的生物材料在骨骼疾病中的应用前景。我们回顾了骨骼微环境在骨骼疾病中的关键作用和氧化铈（III、IV）的主要生物学活性。通过设置不同的合成条件，可以控制具有不同形态的氧化铈（III、IV）纳米结构。同时，定制的基于铈的生物材料可以作为多功能工具箱（例如，生物活性玻璃、支架、纳米纤维膜、涂层和纳米复合材料）。然后，还强调了基于铈的生物材料在治疗骨骼疾病方面的最新研究进展。最重要的是，我们分析了基于铈的生物材料的观点和挑战。在未来的展望中，这种见解引发了一系列基于铈的生物材料策略，包括疾病预防、诊断（成像和生物传感器）和治疗。
