Okamoto Yuto, Matsui Kazuhiro, Ando Tetsuya, Atsuumi Keita, Taniguchi Kazuhiro, Hirai Hiroaki, Nishikawa Atsushi
Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan.
Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima, Japan.
PeerJ Comput Sci. 2024 May 21;10:e2042. doi: 10.7717/peerj-cs.2042. eCollection 2024.
In recent years, due to the prevalence of virtual reality (VR) and human-computer interaction (HCI) research, along with the expectation that understanding the process of establishing sense of ownership, sense of agency, and limb heaviness (in this study, limb heaviness is replaced with comfort level) will contribute to the development of various medical rehabilitation, various studies have been actively conducted in these fields. Previous studies have indicated that each perceptual characteristics decrease in response to positive delay. However, it is still unclear how each perceptual characteristic changes in response to negative delay. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to deduce how changes occur in the perceptual characteristics when certain settings are manipulated using the avatar developed in this study. This study conducted experiments using an avatar system developed for this research that uses electromyography as the interface. Two separate experiments involved twelve participants: a preliminary experiment and a main experiment. As observed in the previous study, it was confirmed that each perceptual characteristics decreased for positive delay. In addition, the range of the preliminary experiment was insufficient for the purpose of this study, which was to confirm the perceptual characteristics for negative delay, thus confirming the validity of conducting this experiment. Meanwhile, the main experiment showed that the sense of ownership, sense of agency, and comfort level decreased gradually as delay time decreased, (, this event is prior to action with intention, which could not be examined in the previous study). This suggests that control by the brain-machine interface is difficult to use when it is too fast. In addition, the distribution of the most strongly perceived settings in human perceptual characteristics was wider in regions with larger delays, suggesting this may lead to the evaluation of an internal model believed to exist in the human cerebellum. The avatar developed for this study may have the potential to create a new experimental paradigm for perceptual characteristics.
近年来，由于虚拟现实（VR）和人机交互（HCI）研究的盛行，以及人们期望了解建立所有权感、能动感和肢体沉重感（在本研究中，肢体沉重感被舒适度所取代）的过程将有助于各种医学康复的发展，因此在这些领域积极开展了各种研究。先前的研究表明，随着正向延迟，每种感知特征都会降低。然而，尚不清楚每种感知特征如何响应负向延迟而变化。因此，本研究的目的是推断当使用本研究开发的虚拟化身操纵某些设置时，感知特征会如何变化。本研究使用为该研究开发的以肌电图作为界面的虚拟化身系统进行了实验。两项独立实验共有12名参与者：一项初步实验和一项主要实验。正如先前研究中所观察到的，证实了随着正向延迟，每种感知特征都会降低。此外，初步实验的范围对于本研究确认负向延迟的感知特征的目的来说是不够的，从而证实了进行该实验的有效性。同时，主要实验表明，随着延迟时间减少，所有权感、能动感和舒适度会逐渐降低，（，此事件发生在有意行动之前，这在先前的研究中无法进行检验）。这表明当脑机接口控制速度过快时，很难使用。此外，在延迟较大的区域，人类感知特征中最强烈感知到的设置分布更广泛，这表明这可能导致对被认为存在于人类小脑中的内部模型的评估。为本研究开发的虚拟化身可能有潜力为感知特征创造一种新的实验范式。
