Bishnoi Santosh Kumar, He Xinyao, Phuke Rahul Madhavrao, Kashyap Prem Lal, Alakonya Amos, Chhokar Vinod, Singh Ravi Prakash, Singh Pawan Kumar
ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India.
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Texcoco, Mexico.
Front Plant Sci. 2020 Sep 29;11:569057. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.569057. eCollection 2020.
Wheat ( L.) crop health assumes unprecedented significance in being the second most important staple crop of the world. It is host to an array of fungal pathogens attacking the plant at different developmental stages and accrues various degrees of yield losses owing to these. that causes Karnal bunt (KB) disease in wheat is one such fungal pathogen of high quarantine importance restricting the free global trade of wheat besides the loss of grain yield as well as quality. With global climate change, the disease appears to be shifting from its traditional areas of occurrence with reports of increased vulnerabilities of new areas across the continents. This KB vulnerability of new geographies is of serious concern because once established, the disease is extremely difficult to eradicate and no known instance of its complete eradication using any management strategy has been reported yet. The host resistance to KB is the most successful as well as preferred strategy for its mitigation and control. However, breeding of KB resistant wheat cultivars has proven to be not so easy, and the low success rate owes to the scarcity of resistance sources, extremely laborious and regulated field screening protocols delaying identification/validation of putative resistance sources, and complex quantitative nature of resistance with multiple genes conferring only partial resistance. Moreover, given a lack of comprehensive understanding of the KB disease epidemiology, host-pathogen interaction, and pathogen evolution. Here, in this review, we attempt to summarize the progress made and efforts underway toward a holistic understanding of the disease itself with a specific focus on the host-pathogen interaction between and wheat as key elements in the development of resistant germplasm. In this context, we emphasize the tools and techniques being utilized in development of KB resistant germplasm by illuminating upon the genetics concerning the host responses to the KB pathogen including a future course. As such, this article could act as a one stop information primer on this economically important and re-emerging old foe threatening to cause devastating impacts on food security and well-being of communities that rely on wheat.
小麦（L.）作物健康作为世界第二重要的主食作物，具有前所未有的重要意义。它是一系列真菌病原体的宿主，这些病原体在不同发育阶段侵袭植物，并因此导致不同程度的产量损失。引起小麦 Karnal 腥黑穗病（KB）的病原菌就是这样一种具有高度检疫重要性的真菌病原体，它不仅导致粮食产量和质量损失，还限制了小麦在全球的自由贸易。随着全球气候变化，该病似乎正在从其传统发生区域转移，各大洲都有新区域易感性增加的报道。新地理区域对 KB 的这种易感性令人严重关切，因为一旦该病确立，就极难根除，而且尚无使用任何管理策略将其完全根除的报道。寄主对 KB 的抗性是减轻和控制该病最成功且首选的策略。然而，事实证明，培育抗 KB 的小麦品种并非易事，成功率低的原因在于抗性资源稀缺、田间筛选方案极其繁琐且受监管，这延误了对假定抗性资源的鉴定/验证，以及抗性具有复杂的数量性状，多个基因仅赋予部分抗性。此外，人们对 KB 病害流行病学、寄主 - 病原体相互作用和病原体进化缺乏全面了解。在此综述中，我们试图总结在全面了解该病本身方面取得的进展和正在进行的努力，特别关注 与小麦之间的寄主 - 病原体相互作用，这是抗性种质资源开发的关键要素。在此背景下，我们通过阐述寄主对 KB 病原体反应的遗传学，包括未来的研究方向，强调了在抗 KB 种质资源开发中所使用的工具和技术。因此，本文可作为关于这个经济上重要且再次出现的老对手的一站式信息入门读物，它可能对依赖小麦的社区的粮食安全和福祉造成毁灭性影响。 （注：原文中“that causes Karnal bunt (KB) disease in wheat is one such fungal pathogen...”处“that”指代不明，译文按原文翻译，但可能影响理解。）
