Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Diseases, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
JAMA Pediatr. 2024 Aug 1;178(8):800-813. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.1576.
Overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence is a global health issue associated with adverse outcomes throughout the life course.
To estimate worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents from 2000 to 2023 and to assess potential risk factors for and comorbidities of obesity.
MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane.
The inclusion criteria were: (1) studies provided adequate information, (2) diagnosis based on body mass index cutoffs proposed by accepted references, (3) studies performed on general population between January 2000 and March 2023, (4) participants were younger than 18 years.
The current study was performed in accordance with the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model with Free-Tukey double arcsine transformation was used for data analysis. Sensitivity analysis, meta-regression, and subgroup analysis of obesity among children and adolescents were conducted.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents assessed by World Health Organization, International Obesity Task Force, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or other national references.
A total of 2033 studies from 154 different countries or regions involving 45 890 555 individuals were included. The overall prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents was 8.5% (95% CI 8.2-8.8). We found that the prevalence varied across countries, ranging from 0.4% (Vanuatu) to 28.4% (Puerto Rico). Higher prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents was reported in countries with Human Development Index scores of 0.8 or greater and high-income countries or regions. Compared to 2000 to 2011, a 1.5-fold increase in the prevalence of obesity was observed in 2012 to 2023. Substantial differences in rates of obesity were noted when stratified by 11 risk factors. Children and adolescents with obesity had a high risk of depression and hypertension. The pooled estimates of overweight and excess weight in children and adolescents were 14.8% (95% CI 14.5-15.1) and 22.2% (95% CI 21.6-22.8), respectively.
This study's findings indicated 1 of 5 children or adolescents experienced excess weight and that rates of excess weight varied by regional income and Human Development Index. Excess weight among children and adolescents was associated with a mix of inherent, behavioral, environmental, and sociocultural influences that need the attention and committed intervention of primary care professionals, clinicians, health authorities, and the general public.
儿童和青少年时期的超重和肥胖是一个全球性的健康问题，与整个生命过程中的不良后果有关。
评估 2000 年至 2023 年期间全球儿童和青少年超重和肥胖的流行情况，并评估肥胖的潜在风险因素和合并症。
MEDLINE、Web of Science、Embase 和 Cochrane。
纳入标准为：（1）研究提供了足够的信息，（2）基于公认参考文献提出的体重指数切点进行诊断，（3）在 2000 年 1 月至 2023 年 3 月期间对普通人群进行的研究，（4）参与者年龄小于 18 岁。
本研究是按照观察性研究荟萃分析的流行病学指南进行的。采用 DerSimonian-Laird 随机效应模型和 Free-Tukey 双反正弦变换进行数据分析。进行了敏感性分析、荟萃回归和儿童和青少年肥胖的亚组分析。
世界卫生组织、国际肥胖工作组、美国疾病控制与预防中心或其他国家参考标准评估的儿童和青少年超重和肥胖的流行率。
来自 154 个不同国家或地区的 2033 项研究共涉及 45890555 人。儿童和青少年肥胖的总体流行率为 8.5%（95%CI 8.2-8.8）。我们发现，各国之间的流行率存在差异，从 0.4%（瓦努阿图）到 28.4%（波多黎各）不等。人类发展指数得分在 0.8 或更高的国家和高收入国家或地区报告的儿童和青少年肥胖患病率较高。与 2000 年至 2011 年相比，2012 年至 2023 年肥胖患病率增加了 1.5 倍。按 11 个风险因素分层时，肥胖率存在显著差异。肥胖儿童和青少年患抑郁症和高血压的风险很高。儿童和青少年超重和超重的合并估计值分别为 14.8%（95%CI 14.5-15.1）和 22.2%（95%CI 21.6-22.8）。
本研究结果表明，每 5 名儿童或青少年中就有 1 名超重，且超重率因地区收入和人类发展指数而异。儿童和青少年超重与内在、行为、环境和社会文化因素的混合有关，需要初级保健专业人员、临床医生、卫生当局和公众的关注和坚定干预。
