State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2024 Jun 25;58(25):11027-11040. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01203. Epub 2024 Jun 10.
Conversion from natural lands to cropland, primarily driven by agricultural expansion, could significantly alter soil microbiome worldwide; however, influences of forest-to-cropland conversion on microbial hierarchical interactions and ecosystem multifunctionality have not been fully understood. Here, we examined the effects of forest-to-cropland conversion on intratrophic and cross-trophic microbial interactions and soil ecosystem multifunctionality and further disclosed their underlying drivers at a national scale, using Illumina sequencing combined with high-throughput quantitative PCR techniques. The forest-to-cropland conversion significantly changed the structure of soil microbiome (including prokaryotic, fungal, and protistan communities) while it did not affect its alpha diversity. Both intrakingdom and interkingdom microbial networks revealed that the intratrophic and cross-trophic microbial interaction patterns generally tended to be more modular to resist environmental disturbance introduced from forest-to-cropland conversion, but this was insufficient for the cross-trophic interactions to maintain stability; hence, the protistan predation behaviors were still disturbed under such conversion. Moreover, key soil microbial clusters were declined during the forest-to-cropland conversion mainly because of the increased soil total phosphorus level, and this drove a great degradation of the ecosystem multifunctionality (by 207%) in cropland soils. Overall, these findings comprehensively implied the negative effects of forest-to-cropland conversion on the agroecosystem, from microbial hierarchical interactions to ecosystem multifunctionality.
从自然土地到耕地的转变，主要是由农业扩张驱动的，可能会极大地改变全球土壤微生物组；然而，森林到耕地的转变对微生物层次间相互作用和生态系统多功能性的影响尚未得到充分理解。在这里，我们使用 Illumina 测序结合高通量定量 PCR 技术，在全国范围内研究了森林到耕地的转变对种内和种间微生物相互作用以及土壤生态系统多功能性的影响，并进一步揭示了其潜在驱动因素。森林到耕地的转变显著改变了土壤微生物组的结构（包括原核生物、真菌和原生动物群落），而不影响其 alpha 多样性。种内和种间微生物网络都表明，种内和种间微生物相互作用模式通常倾向于更加模块化，以抵抗森林到耕地转变带来的环境干扰，但这不足以维持种间相互作用的稳定性；因此，原生动物捕食行为在这种转变下仍受到干扰。此外，在森林到耕地的转变过程中，关键的土壤微生物群下降主要是由于土壤总磷水平的增加，这导致了耕地土壤生态系统多功能性（下降了 207%）的严重退化。总的来说，这些发现从微生物层次间相互作用到生态系统多功能性，全面暗示了森林到耕地的转变对农业生态系统的负面影响。
