Badzohre Abdollah, Oshaghi Mohammad Ali, Enayati Ahmad Ali, Moosa-Kazemi Seyed Hassan, Nikookar Seyed Hassan, Talebzadeh Fahimeh, Naseri-Karimi Nazanin, Hanafi-Bojd Ahmad Ali, Vatandoost Hassan
Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health and Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2023 Sep 30;17(3):272-286. doi: 10.18502/jad.v17i3.14987. eCollection 2023 Sep.
is the main vector of malaria in Iran. This study aimed to determine the susceptibility of from the south of Iran to bendiocarb and to investigate biochemical and molecular resistance mechanisms in this species.
Wild were collected from Hormozgan Province and reared to the adult stage. The susceptibility test was conducted according to the WHO protocols using bendiocarb impregnated papers supplied by WHO. Also, field specimens were collected from south of Kerman and Sistan and Baluchistan Provinces. To determine the G119S mutation in the acetylcholinesterase (Ace1) gene, PCR-RFLP using AluI restriction enzyme and PCR direct-sequencing were performed for the three field populations and compared with the available GenBank data. Also, biochemical assays were performed to measure alpha and beta esterases, insensitive acetylcholinesterase, and oxidases in the strains.
The bioassay tests showed that the field strain was resistant to bendiocarb (mortality rate 89%). Ace1 gene analysis revealed no G119S in the three field populations. Blast search of sequences revealed 98-99% identity with the Ace1 gene from Pakistan and India respectively. Also, the results of biochemical tests revealed the high activity of non-sensitive acetylcholinesterase, alpha and beta-esterase in the resistant strain compared to the susceptible strain. No G119S was detected in this study additionally the enhanced enzyme activity of esterases and acetylcholinesterase suggesting that resistance was metabolic.
The use of alternative malaria control methods and the implementation of resistance management strategies are suggested in the study area.
按蚊是伊朗疟疾的主要传播媒介。本研究旨在确定来自伊朗南部的按蚊对残杀威的敏感性，并研究该物种的生化和分子抗性机制。
从霍尔木兹甘省采集野生按蚊并饲养至成虫阶段。根据世界卫生组织的方案，使用世界卫生组织提供的残杀威浸渍纸进行敏感性试验。此外，还从克尔曼南部以及锡斯坦-俾路支斯坦省采集了野外按蚊标本。为了确定乙酰胆碱酯酶（Ace1）基因中的G119S突变，对三个野外种群进行了使用AluI限制性内切酶的PCR-RFLP和PCR直接测序，并与现有的GenBank数据进行比较。此外，还进行了生化测定以测量菌株中的α和β酯酶、不敏感的乙酰胆碱酯酶和氧化酶。
生物测定试验表明，野外按蚊品系对残杀威具有抗性（死亡率89%）。Ace1基因分析显示，三个野外种群中均未发现G119S。序列比对发现，与来自巴基斯坦和印度的Ace1基因分别具有98-99%的同一性。此外，生化试验结果显示，与敏感菌株相比，抗性菌株中的不敏感乙酰胆碱酯酶、α和β酯酶活性较高。本研究未检测到G119S，酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的酶活性增强表明抗性是代谢性的。
建议在研究区域采用替代疟疾控制方法并实施抗性管理策略。
