Lu Yi, Mehling Marina, Huan Siqi, Bai Long, Rojas Orlando J
Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
Chem Soc Rev. 2024 Jul 15;53(14):7363-7391. doi: 10.1039/d3cs00641g.
Nanocellulose is not only a renewable material but also brings functions that are opening new technological opportunities. Here we discuss a special subset of this material, in its fibrillated form, which is produced by aerobic microorganisms, namely, bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). BNC offers distinct advantages over plant-derived counterparts, including high purity and high degree of polymerization as well as crystallinity, strength, and water-holding capacity, among others. More remarkably, beyond classical fermentative protocols, it is possible to grow BNC on non-planar interfaces, opening new possibilities in the assembly of advanced bottom-up structures. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in the area of BNC-based biofabrication of three-dimensional (3D) designs by following solid- and soft-material templating. These methods are shown as suitable platforms to achieve bioadaptive constructs comprising highly interlocked biofilms that can be tailored with precise control over nanoscale morphological features. BNC-based biofabrication opens applications that are not possible by using traditional manufacturing routes, including direct ink writing of hydrogels. This review emphasizes the critical contributions of microbiology, colloid and surface science, as well as additive manufacturing in achieving bioadaptive designs from living matter. The future impact of BNC biofabrication is expected to take advantage of material and energy integration, residue utilization, circularity and social latitudes. Leveraging existing infrastructure, the scaleup of biofabrication routes will contribute to a new generation of advanced materials rooted in exciting synergies that combine biology, chemistry, engineering and material sciences.
纳米纤维素不仅是一种可再生材料，还带来了开启新技术机遇的功能。在此，我们讨论这种材料的一个特殊子集，即由需氧微生物产生的原纤化形式的材料，也就是细菌纳米纤维素（BNC）。与植物源的同类材料相比，BNC具有明显优势，包括高纯度、高聚合度以及结晶度、强度和持水能力等。更值得注意的是，除了传统的发酵方法外，还可以在非平面界面上生长BNC，为自下而上组装先进结构开辟了新的可能性。在这篇综述中，我们通过遵循固体和软材料模板法，讨论了基于BNC的三维（3D）设计生物制造领域的最新进展。这些方法被证明是合适的平台，可用于构建具有高度互锁生物膜的生物适应性结构，这种结构可以通过对纳米级形态特征的精确控制来定制。基于BNC的生物制造开启了传统制造路线无法实现的应用，包括水凝胶的直接墨水书写。这篇综述强调了微生物学、胶体与表面科学以及增材制造在实现基于生物的生物适应性设计方面的关键贡献。预计BNC生物制造的未来影响将利用材料和能源整合、残渣利用、循环利用以及社会层面的优势。利用现有基础设施，扩大生物制造路线的规模将有助于产生新一代基于生物学、化学、工程和材料科学令人兴奋的协同作用的先进材料。
