Churchill Mike, Monroe Jacob, Bristow David, Crawford Curran
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Canada.
Institute for Integrated Energy Systems, University of Victoria, Canada.
Heliyon. 2024 May 29;10(11):e32104. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32104. eCollection 2024 Jun 15.
Power outages can cause severe disruption to critical infrastructure. With the predicted increase in the electrification of the transport sector, society will become even more vulnerable to the effects of power outages. While increased electric vehicle (EV) adoption will contribute to the electrification process, EVs can also offer capabilities to provide services during an outage. This paper studied the use of a fleet of EVs during the aftermath of a disaster to provide disaster relief by donating power to a shelter, delivering critical supplies and people in need, and providing transport for personnel or performing inspections. While the bulk of the past work has focused on using EVs to increase the resilience of the distribution grid, or individual buildings, to a power outage, this paper was novel in its use of an agent-based model to study EVs that are performing functions to increase the resilience of a community to an outage. The fleet of EVs were provided access to a microgrid with a solar array, one or two EV fast chargers, and three possible sizes of a storage. Useful outputs were produced and studied for such features as daily energy donated to a shelter, daily energy used at the microgrid, and the length of outages that can be supported before the energy is depleted at the microgrid. Results showed that increasing storage size at the microgrid led to substantial increases in the outage length that could be support. Additionally, it was found that focusing a fleet on delivery and transport tasks, as opposed to energy donation, could also increase the length of outages that could be supported.
停电会对关键基础设施造成严重破坏。随着交通运输部门电气化程度的预计提高，社会将更容易受到停电影响。虽然电动汽车（EV）的普及将推动电气化进程，但电动汽车也具备在停电期间提供服务的能力。本文研究了在灾难发生后利用电动汽车车队通过向避难所供电、运送关键物资和有需要的人员以及为人员提供运输或进行检查来提供救灾援助。虽然过去的大部分工作都集中在利用电动汽车来提高配电网或单个建筑物对停电的恢复能力，但本文的新颖之处在于使用基于智能体的模型来研究执行功能以提高社区对停电恢复能力的电动汽车。电动汽车车队可以接入一个配备太阳能阵列、一两个电动汽车快速充电器以及三种不同规模储能装置的微电网。针对诸如每天向避难所捐赠的能量、微电网每日使用的能量以及在微电网能量耗尽之前能够支持的停电时长等特征，生成并研究了有用的输出结果。结果表明，增加微电网的储能规模会导致可支持的停电时长大幅增加。此外，还发现将车队集中用于交付和运输任务，而不是能量捐赠，也可以增加可支持的停电时长。
